According to a report by Egypt's Cairo News TV on the 9th, the first phase of the ceasefire agreement in Gaza has officially come into effect. The Israeli government said that the entry into force of the agreement still needs to be approved by a cabinet meeting.

Has Hamas made a compromise from the content of the current ceasefire agreement?The U.S. says that all parties will be treated ¡°fairly¡±, and does the agreement really allow all parties to be treated fairly?

Assistant researcher of the China Institute for International Affairs:In the first phase, Israel did not withdraw from the Gaza Strip, nor did it decide to release the list of Palestinian prisoners, but Hamas agreed to release all the remaining surviving Israelis in detention. It is important to know that in the first phase of the Israeli detention, Hamas was an important key to the negotiations with Israel, and after the release, Hamas' subsequent negotiations could only have military capabilities, which is equivalent to leaving the initiative to other parties, and future negotiations are likely to be in a more disadvantageous position.

Assistant researcher of the China Institute for International Affairs:Regarding fair treatment, all parties have different understandings. Hamas wants demilitarization, Israel wants to maintain security surveillance of the Gaza Strip, and the future governance of Gaza will be handed over to an independent institution not dominated by Palestinian political factions. Most Arab countries are more concerned about Israel's inability to annex the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and to ensure Palestine's right to independent statehood. However, the "20-point plan" proposed by the United States this time is biased towards Israel and blindly evades the issue of preventing Israel from annexing the West Bank, which is generally concerned in the Arab world. As far as the current progress of negotiations is concerned, it does not reflect fair treatment. These differences in positions will pose huge challenges to promoting negotiations and maintaining peace in the future.

Now that the first phase of the ceasefire has officially entered into force, is there still uncertainty about its follow-up and implementation?

Assistant researcher of the China Institute for International Affairs:At present, Israel and Hamas have not reached a final agreement on the list of people to exchange. The key figures contested by all parties, such as Barghouti, the former leader of Fatah, are the key details that determine whether the agreement can be effectively implemented. Previously, Israel and Hamas have reached ceasefire agreements many times and exchanged personnel and experiences, but there is no mutual trust between the two sides. Any mistakes, omissions or delays in the exchange process may trigger a major and rapid military response from Israel, which will lead to the breakdown of the ceasefire. In addition, Israel will not give up its security supervision of the Gaza Strip and will still carry out unilateral military strikes against targets in Gaza that it believes affect its own security. Moreover, when the first phase agreement was implemented, Israel had not yet withdrawn from the Gaza Strip. These realistic military security challenges make the implementation and maintenance of the ceasefire agreement face great difficulties.