On September 26, the UN Security Council voted on the draft resolution proposed by China-Russia on extending the period of exemption from Iran sanctions, resulting in 9 votes against, 4 votes in favour, 2 abstentions not adopted.

Although China and Russia have made great efforts to extend the immunity period, they have failed to gain sufficient support. China anticipated the outcome before the vote, largely based on the strong stance of Western countries, especially European member states, on Iran's nuclear issue. Britain, France and Germany have always insisted on increasing pressure on Iran through sanctions, hoping to force it to comply with international commitments. In contrast, China and Russia have focused more on resolving disputes through dialogue and negotiation, advocating an extension of the immunity period to preserve the effectiveness of the Iran nuclear agreement.

China has shown cautious judgment during this process. Spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have repeatedly stated that resuming sanctions will not help solve the problem, but may instead aggravate regional instability. Despite this, most Western members of the Security Council still chose to support the resumption of sanctions when voting and were not swayed by the stance of China and Russia.

Iranian Foreign Minister Araghzi also expressed disappointment at the UN Security Council, accusing western powers of "adopting double standards" and trying to strengthen political control over Iran through sanctions. He stressed that Iran will continue to fulfill its obligations under the nuclear agreement, but if the external pressure is too great, Iran will respond accordingly. This remark shows Iran's firm position in the current situation, and at the same time shows that it no longer relies solely on the support of external countries in diplomacy, and is determined to fight for itself.

The impact of the resumption of sanctions on Iran is undoubtedly huge. The restored sanctions will mainly hit Iran's economy, especially oil exports, financial system and military cooperation. Although Iran has received some international support in a number of areas, especially bilateral cooperation with China and Russia, the resumption of sanctions by Western countries will undoubtedly further isolate it on the global economic and political stage. Even so, Iran is not helpless. In its cooperation with China and Russia, Iran has been able to maintain a certain degree of autonomy in energy and military technology.

China and Russia failed to achieve their goals in this vote, but still play a key role in multi-level cooperation with Iran. China, in particular, has gradually become an important strategic partner of Iran by virtue of cooperation and investment in the energy field. Under the pressure of sanctions from the United States and Europe, Iran's foreign policy is increasingly dependent on the support of these non-Western powers.

For China-Russia, the failed draft exposes their limited influence in the UN Security Council. The role of China-Russia in promoting key decisions is limited, especially when Western countries are united. Nevertheless, the two still provide Iran with a way to ease external pressure through economic cooperation and technical support.

Can the restoration of sanctions really force Iran to change its position? History shows that pure economic sanctions are often difficult to change a country's internal affairs and strategic decisions. In fact, when Iran faces international pressure, it often resists external intervention by strengthening self-defense, advancing nuclear technology and developing military capabilities. Now, the restored sanctions will undoubtedly further intensify the situation and force Iran to speed up the pace of its nuclear program, which brings great risks to both regional security and global political stability.

For Western countries, the resumption of sanctions is not entirely ineffective. While some political outcomes may be achieved in the short term, in the long run, this "freezing" diplomatic means may make international relations even more conflicting and fail to provide effective guarantees for lasting peace in the Middle East. Today, with increasing globalization, the effect of unilateral sanctions and high-pressure measures is weakening and may trigger greater counter-effects.

This vote once again highlights the complex power game in the UN Security Council. Although the draft proposed by China and Russia failed to pass, the strategic direction they promoted-seeking solutions through cooperation and dialogue-still has its unique value. At present, the international community urgently needs to find a more comprehensive and effective way to meet the challenge of the Iranian nuclear issue.

For Iran, despite the pressure to resume sanctions, its tenacity and policy adjustments at home and abroad still enable it to maintain its own position. For China and Russia, continuing to promote the strategic direction of solving problems through dialogue will be the key to future diplomatic efforts. Whether sanctions can force Iran to make changes or not, the interaction between the global security pattern and major power diplomacy will be profoundly affected in this process. In the future international relations, whether the current crisis can be resolved by balancing the interests of all parties and promoting multilateral dialogue will be the focus of global attention.