On January 17, 1948, Indonesia and the Netherlands signed the Rembrandt Agreement.

In July 1947, the Netherlands launched a colonial war against Indonesia.The United Nations Security Council, in the name of a ceasefire for both sides, established the United States, Australia, and Belgium's "Tri-State Mediation Commission".After mediation, on January 17, 1948, the Netherlands and Indonesia signed the Rembrandt Agreement on the American warships "Lenville".

According to the agreement: the Netherlands and Indonesia ceased fighting on the spot, so that most of Indonesia's territory was occupied by the Netherlands; Indonesia must join the "United States of Indonesia", and the Netherlands will continue to exercise sovereignty on Indonesian territory and establish a "provisional federal government".

The agreement met with resistance from the Indonesian people. In December 1948, the Netherlands launched another colonial war against Indonesia.