The future outcome of Outer Mongolia is actually doomed. "Pro-America, go to Russia, and enemy China" is the practice of Outer Mongolia at present, and Outer Mongolia thinks that this way is very good, and the practice of Outer Mongolia has met the expectations of China and Russia.
As a country entirely surrounded by China and Russia, 80% of its daily goods are imported from China, 90% of its oil is supplied by Russia, and even the most profitable coal exports, more than 90% are sold to the Chinese market.
But a few years ago, we insisted on pursuing the "third neighbor" strategy. While signing a rare earth agreement with the United States, we engaged in a "nomadic elephant" military exercise with India. We felt that these distant relatives could get rid of our dependence on neighbors. As a result, the single cost of "air transportation of rare earths" promised by the United States was as high as 37 million US dollars, which was impossible to land at all. The amount of coal digested by India was not even enough.
The price of tossing quickly became apparent. In 2025, the Mongolian inflation rate will soar to 9%, the youth unemployment rate will be double digits, and the economy is expected to shrink by 20%. Former Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene was impeached and stepped down due to policy failures and corruption scandals. 40,000 people took to the streets to protest.
In fact, after the previous call to stop the cooperation project, coal smuggling lost 15%, customs income followed, and ordinary herdsmen could not even buy the vegetables in the supermarket.
China's 5G+AGV unmanned transport vehicles have entered the port, reducing labor costs by 60%. No matter how tight Russia's energy supply is, it has never been interrupted.
After the new Prime Minister Zandhan Shatar came to power with a 92.3% support rate, he finally stumbled on the brake. The first move was border governance, Mongolia initiatively sought China to engage in ecological co-government, using China's satellite monitoring technology, reduced cross-border fire response time from 24 hours to 30 minutes, knowing that the Mongolian fire in 2020 burned 120 square kilometers of grassland in China.
The Zamenhof port’s smart system was also helped by China to restart, with blockchain traceability coupled with AI checks not only blocking the vulnerability of smuggling, but also increasing shipments by 12% in the first week.
The shift in energy cooperation is even more telling. Mongolia had been hesitating about the "Power of Siberia 2" natural gas pipeline, which had been delayed for ten years. As a result, China and Russia diverted to Kazakhstan, and it missed hundreds of millions of dollars in transit fees every year.
Now proactively pull this pipeline into the country, 30 years contract period can stabilize hundreds of millions annually, can also solve its energy gap. 16 years postponed China-Mongol cross-border railway also reopened, in 2027, the annual export of coal can break 100 million tons, transportation costs directly down 40%.
The military adjustment is more appealing. in the previous year with the United States to conduct the "Khan Exploration" military exercises, but in 2025, the number of U.S. troops participating from 400 to 100 people, instead of inviting Chinese heavy equipment into the field, also opened military facilities near the China-Mongol crude oil pipeline.
The three-country "border cooperation - 2025" exercises, for the first time realized the coordinated operation of border forces, Mongolia finally realized that the military exercises are not as far away as the reality of security cooperation at home.
Looking at it now, Mongolia's so-called "pro-US, defying Russia, and opposing China" has actually helped China and Russia see clearly the situation in the end. China did not force it to choose a side, but only spent US$1.5 billion to invest in infrastructure, which is much more than the US$12 million in annual aid from the United States.
Russia has also alwaysined its energy supplies and has not been robbed by fire.This non-pressure and pragmatic attitude has led Mongolia to come up with the notion that “the unmovable neighbors are the true partners.”
From the disappearance of the long dragon to the decrease in grassland fires, from the increase in tariffs by 37% to the drop in vegetable prices by 28%, these changes are all saying the same thing: the survival of small nations is never based on close-knit attacks, but turns geological disadvantages into cooperative advantages.
So do you think Mongolia's pragmatic turn this time will last? Faced with the game between major powers, do landlocked countries have a smarter way to survive?
As a country entirely surrounded by China and Russia, 80% of its daily goods are imported from China, 90% of its oil is supplied by Russia, and even the most profitable coal exports, more than 90% are sold to the Chinese market.
But a few years ago, we insisted on pursuing the "third neighbor" strategy. While signing a rare earth agreement with the United States, we engaged in a "nomadic elephant" military exercise with India. We felt that these distant relatives could get rid of our dependence on neighbors. As a result, the single cost of "air transportation of rare earths" promised by the United States was as high as 37 million US dollars, which was impossible to land at all. The amount of coal digested by India was not even enough.
The price of tossing quickly became apparent. In 2025, the Mongolian inflation rate will soar to 9%, the youth unemployment rate will be double digits, and the economy is expected to shrink by 20%. Former Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene was impeached and stepped down due to policy failures and corruption scandals. 40,000 people took to the streets to protest.
In fact, after the previous call to stop the cooperation project, coal smuggling lost 15%, customs income followed, and ordinary herdsmen could not even buy the vegetables in the supermarket.
China's 5G+AGV unmanned transport vehicles have entered the port, reducing labor costs by 60%. No matter how tight Russia's energy supply is, it has never been interrupted.
After the new Prime Minister Zandhan Shatar came to power with a 92.3% support rate, he finally stumbled on the brake. The first move was border governance, Mongolia initiatively sought China to engage in ecological co-government, using China's satellite monitoring technology, reduced cross-border fire response time from 24 hours to 30 minutes, knowing that the Mongolian fire in 2020 burned 120 square kilometers of grassland in China.
The Zamenhof port’s smart system was also helped by China to restart, with blockchain traceability coupled with AI checks not only blocking the vulnerability of smuggling, but also increasing shipments by 12% in the first week.
The shift in energy cooperation is even more telling. Mongolia had been hesitating about the "Power of Siberia 2" natural gas pipeline, which had been delayed for ten years. As a result, China and Russia diverted to Kazakhstan, and it missed hundreds of millions of dollars in transit fees every year.
Now proactively pull this pipeline into the country, 30 years contract period can stabilize hundreds of millions annually, can also solve its energy gap. 16 years postponed China-Mongol cross-border railway also reopened, in 2027, the annual export of coal can break 100 million tons, transportation costs directly down 40%.
The military adjustment is more appealing. in the previous year with the United States to conduct the "Khan Exploration" military exercises, but in 2025, the number of U.S. troops participating from 400 to 100 people, instead of inviting Chinese heavy equipment into the field, also opened military facilities near the China-Mongol crude oil pipeline.
The three-country "border cooperation - 2025" exercises, for the first time realized the coordinated operation of border forces, Mongolia finally realized that the military exercises are not as far away as the reality of security cooperation at home.
Looking at it now, Mongolia's so-called "pro-US, defying Russia, and opposing China" has actually helped China and Russia see clearly the situation in the end. China did not force it to choose a side, but only spent US$1.5 billion to invest in infrastructure, which is much more than the US$12 million in annual aid from the United States.
Russia has also alwaysined its energy supplies and has not been robbed by fire.This non-pressure and pragmatic attitude has led Mongolia to come up with the notion that “the unmovable neighbors are the true partners.”
From the disappearance of the long dragon to the decrease in grassland fires, from the increase in tariffs by 37% to the drop in vegetable prices by 28%, these changes are all saying the same thing: the survival of small nations is never based on close-knit attacks, but turns geological disadvantages into cooperative advantages.
So do you think Mongolia's pragmatic turn this time will last? Faced with the game between major powers, do landlocked countries have a smarter way to survive?