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Edited by^W.n
Recently, during the annual session of the United Nations General Assembly, countries have the right to express their views on international issues on the United Nations General Assembly table. Among them, the United Nations has become the target of leaks from many countries, such as Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Shapiro Shapiro, who are very dissatisfied with the role of the United Nations.
Trump’s dissatisfaction is mainly attributed to the United Nations’ increasingly small contribution to international peace.
India deserves a permanent seat on the Security Council
On September 24, 2025, Trump said directly in the general debate of the United Nations General Assembly, "the past decade, the United Nations on the conflict in the Middle East, European security and other issues repeatedly failed, the resolution became a 'paper document', the role ofining the global order continues to weaken", this statement attracted the attention of multi-national representatives, and also for the UN General Assembly for the discussion around the UN reform.
On September 26, 2025, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov, in a speech to the United Nations General Assembly, for the first time explicitly expressed his support for India becoming a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
In his speech, he noted that “the current composition of the UN Security Council is no longer able to reflect the changes in the global power pattern, the region of Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions are seriously underrepresented, and India, as a country with a population of more than 1.4 billion, which plays an important role in global economic and security affairs, deserves the seat of a permanent member”.
This support is not a coincidence, but a combination of deepening Russian-India relations with UN reform demands.Russia has repeatedly expressed its support for India in bilateral talks since 2020, but it is the first time it has been explicitly mentioned in a public speech at the UN General Assembly.
In his speech, Lavrov further emphasized that "India has made outstanding achievements in maintaining security in the Indian Ocean region and participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations. In the past five years, it has sent more than 50,000 personnel to United Nations peacekeeping forces, ranking among the top ten in the world in terms of contribution. Such countries should have more say in the Security Council."
India’s Foreign Minister, Sujetin, said in a press conference on September 27 that “Russia’s support is a recognition of India’s international status, and India will continue to push for security council reforms, seeking a permanent seat in the council to better represent the interests of developing countries.”
Indeed, India's "usual" demand has been on for years, India's total GDP in 2024 has broken $ 4 trillion, becoming the world's fifth largest economy, and the rise of economic power has also increased its "usual" voice, this time Russia's public support, has added important help.
From the perspective of the reform process of the United Nations, the issue of enlarging the Security Council has been discussed for nearly 20 years. At present, there are mainly two camps: "Unity for Consensus" and "G4": the "G4" advocates the addition of permanent members and has veto power, while the "Unity for Consensus" camp opposes the addition of permanent members and advocates the expansion of non-permanent seats.
Lavrov’s remarks undoubtedly injected a new impetus into the “Group of Four” demands, and heated the discussion of Security Council reforms again.
There are two core issues in the United Nations
Unlike Russia’s focus on Security Council reforms, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, in a speech to the United Nations General Assembly on September 25, directly pointed out the problems of the United Nations: “Decision-making is inefficient, permanent members of the Security Council abuse their veto rights,” and secondly, “funding is unreasonably allocated, and developed countries take too many shares but lack the right to speak.”
In response to the question of veto rights, Mr. Sharp said, “Twelve Security Council resolutions on conflicts in regions such as Ukraine and the Middle East between 2023 and 2025 failed to be adopted due to the veto of permanent members, which prevented the United Nations from taking timely action, which seriously undermined the authority of the United Nations.”
He further called for “a limitation of the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council, a non-usage of veto power in resolutions involving massive humanitarian crises, and an expansion of the powers of non-permanent members to allow more countries to participate in decision-making.”
On the issue of allocation of funds, Sharp revealed data that "Japan accounts for 9.6% of the regular budget of the United Nations annually, after only 22% of the United States, but the lack of decision-making power in key institutions such as the Security Council, this 'more funding, less voice' situation is unreasonable."
He proposed that "the right to speak of United Nations agencies should be adjusted according to the economic contribution of each country, and at the same time, developing countries should be urged to assume more budgetary responsibilities and achieve 'equal rights and responsibilities'".
Japan's criticism is not the first time, in 2024, Japan joined Germany, Brazil and other countries to submit proposals to the UN Security Council reform, but failed to move forward due to the opposition of the "unity and consensus" camp.
The issue of open name in the United Nations General Assembly, interpreted by the outside world as Japan again pushing "in the usual" - Japan has been putting up "in the usual" appeal since the 1990s, in recent years with the recovery of economic strength and the increase of diplomatic activity, the desire for the UN's right to speak is growing stronger.
It is worth noting that Japan’s criticism has caused resonance in some countries.
German Prime Minister Scholz said in a speech on September 26 that "Japan's pointed out problems are objectively present and the United Nations needs to carry out systematic reforms to meet the needs of the new era."
South Korea, on the other hand, opposed Japan's claim. South Korean Foreign Minister Park Jin said at the press conference that "Japan's appeal ignores historical issues and should not become a permanent member of the Security Council until the problems left over from the history of World War II are completely solved." The differences in positions of various countries also highlight the complexity of UN reform.
Differences in the UN reform situation
The statements of Russia, India and Japan reflect the many difficulties facing the reform of the United Nations.In terms of expanding the Security Council, there are serious differences between the parties on the number of new permanent members, whether they have the right to veto, and regional representation.
Russia supports India, but its attitude toward Japan is vague; the United States, although it has expressed its support for the Group of Four, has not explicitly promised to promote its veto rights; China, however, advocates "easy and difficult, gradual and progressive", prioritizing the expansion of the seats of non-permanent members, and the positions of all parties are difficult to reconcile.
Regarding the veto reform, the differences are equally obvious. Developing countries generally advocate restricting veto power to avoid abuse of power by permanent members, while some permanent members are worried that restricted veto power will weaken their influence. The United States and Russia are cautious on this issue and only agree to "restrict veto power under certain circumstances", making it difficult to reach a consensus.
At present, the U.N. regular budget is mainly borne by developed countries, with the U.S., Japan, Germany, Britain, and France contributing more than 50%, but developing countries have more voting rights in agencies such as the United Nations General Assembly, this "funding and power inequality" situation, the developed countries gradually lose patience.
Japan and Germany have repeatedly threatened to reduce budget contributions, while developing countries have argued that “the allocation of funds should be linked to population and development needs”.
In a summary speech on 28 September, UN Secretary-General Guterres said that “UN reform is necessary, but it requires countries to demonstrate inclusive and compromise spirit, not to use reforms as a tool to pursue their own interests, but should be based on the general situation of safeguarding global peace and development, promoting the UN to better fulfill its responsibilities.”
However, judging from the current statements of various countries, the possibility of reaching a substantive reform agreement in the short term is still low, and the reform of the United Nations will continue to advance slowly in differences and games.
Official sources and links
Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov's full speech to the United Nations General Assembly (26 September 2025): Russian Foreign Ministry website - International Conference
Record of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's address to the United Nations General Assembly (25 September 2025): Japanese Foreign Ministry official website - United Nations Affairs
Minister of Foreign Affairs of India Sujetin responds to Russian-backed press conference content (27 September 2025): Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of India - Press conference
United Nations Secretary-General Guterres's concluding remarks (September 28, 2025): United Nations official website-General Assembly News
United Nations Security Council Reform Proposals and Progress in Discussions (2025): United Nations - Security Council Reform