Why is the plane not allowed to bring more than 100mL of liquid on the plane? There is such a story behind it
The National Day of Autumn is approaching.Many people are already preparing to embark on a journey.For those who choose to travel by plane, anduring the examination.”The liquid carried with it should not exceed 100 ml.Almost everyone will encounter it.The difficulty. Why can you only take 100mL of liquid?In addition, since it is limited to 100 mL,If I drink a bottle of water to only 100 ml, can I bring it in?And at the airport waiting placeWhy can I bring the drinks and wine I bought on the plane smoothly?Today, let's talk about this rule in detail.
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The liquid bomb conspiracy.
Behind every rule can be a tragedy or a tragedy that just happened.The “100mL liquid ban” is also linked to a conspiracy for a more dangerous and tragic terrorist attack. The incident occurred in August 2006 when the British police and five military intelligence units defeated a terrorist attack plot, which was later referred to as the “2006 Transatlantic Route Conspiracy.” Terrorists have planned to detonate bombs on at least seven flights from Britain to the United States or Canada. Several routes that terrorists planned to carry out attacks, photo source: Wikipedia The weapons the terrorists chose.Liquid explosive。 According to the terrorist plan, theyHigh concentration of hydrogen peroxide may be disguised as ordinary beverages, placed in bottles and repackaged.Nothing unusual from the outside.Then put another high-explosive powder on an empty AA battery.(AA battery)In, there is another key detonator modified from a camera flash. The “drinks”, “batteries” and “flashlights” seem to have no dangerous objects that are unlikely to attract the attention of security inspectors, and there is nothing unusual under the ordinary X-ray inspector at the time. Once brought onto a plane, terrorists can assemble them into a powerful bomb in a very short time. When the plane flies to an altitude of 10,000 meters above the Atlantic Ocean, terrorists will detonate a bomb. Its explosive power is enough to make a plane disintegrate in the air, and almost no one will survive such an air crash. What makes people even more shocked is that these terrorists were captured on August 9th. It is speculated that the attack they planned will be carried out before September 11th, which can be said to have almost led to catastrophe in the real sense. In order to prevent terrorists from also “leaking fish”, UK airports on August 10 took very strict measures, in addition to the necessary documents and wallets, prohibiting carrying any luggage on board the aircraft. The United States has also taken similar measures, all flights prohibiting carrying any liquid except baby formula milk powder and prescription drugs and(Gelatinous Object)。 On August 14, Britain reduced precautions, but still prohibited carrying any liquid on aircraft. Although this terrorist attack failed, it still caused great shock and panic all over the world. After the incident subsided,In order to improve aviation security,The regulation that "it is forbidden to carry more than 100mL of liquid in carry-on luggage" came into being.To this day, many countries and regions still use or formulate similar rules.
Is it safe to consume less than 100 ml of liquid?
You may have a question, is it absolutely safe to carry less than 100mL of liquid with you? Actually,Liquid less than 100mL is not absolutely safe, it is only a relatively safe range. The explosive power of liquid bombs made with this volume is limited. Couldn’t the person with the intent carry 10 small bottles of 100mL and then mix them together? If the terrorists split the explosives into several small bottles, it would be very difficult to operate when the final assembly is mixed.After all, "hand rubbing bombs" is not so easy, and it is also easy to alert people around. More importantly, airports do not directly release liquids below 100mL and will also test them.
Liquid testing during safety inspection.
Early airports used single-energy X-ray inspectors, can only simply see the object profile in the passenger's luggage, the inspector is only by the profile to judge whether the object is dangerous, for the liquid in the bottle is more impossible to distinguish. The X-ray security device in the current airport has been upgraded. The usual double power. The X-rayInspector and it.Not only can we measure the shape of objects, but we can also judge the type of objects.For example, organic materials will present orange, mixtures and light metals.(Salts)It will appear green, and inorganic matter will appear blue. Different objects appear different colors under the security detector. Image source: Reference 4 But this alone is not enough,Some of the liquids that can be used to make explosives, images in these inspectors may be very close to ordinary liquids.So it is necessary for inspectors to perform separate tests for these suspicious liquids. These fluid detection equipment are also mature. For example, fluid detectors can be seen at many metro stations, which are made using techniques such as Raman spectrum and parastatic electron breakage scanning. Fluid detector, image source: Wikipedia Simply put, Raman spectroscopy is to emit a laser beam into a liquid, and then look at the returned spectrum to judge the liquid. It can only measure liquids in transparent packaging. The detection instrument based on the parastatic electron rupture scanning technology is the detection of the fluid's dielectric constant, because each liquid has its own dielectric constant, like the identity fingerprint, so by measuring the dielectric constant can be distinguished from them, and even if the liquid can be directly measured in a metal container, it is very convenient. It is worth mentioning that the security inspection equipment is also constantly updated in iteration. For example, CT security detector combined with deep learning technology can detect the type of liquid more accurately, eliminating the need for separate measurements. They are now mainly used for the inspection of checked baggage, but with the advancement of technology and the reduction of volume and cost, they may also be popularized for the inspection of carry-on baggage. CT with X-ray diffraction technology, image source: reference 5 For example, the EU and the UK have updated the airport luggage security inspectors to replace advanced CT security inspectors, so that the "100mL liquid ban" can be lifted. But we can be sure that with the advancement of future safety inspection technology, the "100mL liquid ban" will finally one day leave the stage of history. However, given that the "liquid ban" is still in effect now, there are a few things worth our attention.
What is the liquid included in the safety inspection?
Can there be exceptions?
For things like water, wine, milk and so on, we can realize that they are liquids.The milk, sunscreen, toothpaste, these blurred things, are they not liquids? The answer is yes, these gooey things will likewise be regarded as liquids, and if you are not careful, your makeup will most likely be buckled. If only half of the 200mL sunscreen is left, does it meet the 100mL liquid regulation? not is .100mL not only specifies the volume of the liquid, but also includes the capacity of the entire liquid package.As long as the outer packaging of sunscreen is written the volume is 200mL, even overmarked, can not be carried with you.So, if you carry excess cosmetics, it is best to ship, or buy a split bottle split in advance.(Note that even if the total amount of liquid that each person can carry in sub-packaging generally does not exceed 1L)。 Of course, in some special cases, it is possible to break the “100mL liquid ban.” For example, if you need to carry liquid medicines with you, these medicines can be more than 100mL, and some airports may require you to show a doctor’s prescription, which can be prepared in advance. For passengers travelling with infants, more than 100 mL may be allowed if they need to carry breast milk or other liquid supplements, but these exceeding the prescribed liquids must be tested separately.
Pay attention when moving.
Finally, there is one thing worth reminding. After passing through the security check area, you can take liquids such as drinks and skin care products that you buy in waiting areas such as duty-free shops on the plane. Because all goods sold in duty-free shops have been checked(After all, the owner of the duty-free shop doesn't want you to buy a bottle of explosives in his duty-free shop)。 But theIf you want to transfer flights, be sure to pay attention. After buying liquid products, remember to ask the store to help them package them in anti-removal sealed bags（STEB）At the same time, keep your purchase credentials, which can prove that the liquid you carry is safe. However, do not remove this sealed bag on your own during the flight, it can not be restored once it is removed. So the “100mL liquid ban” is not meant to cause us trouble, it is the global aviation security system fighting against potential threats.
references
[1] Announcement by the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China regarding restrictions on carrying liquids on board civil aircraft https://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/ZFGW/201601/t20160122_27549.html
[2]http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4778575.stm
[3] National Nuclear Security Agency: Nuclear knowledge in life — X-ray safety inspection machine https://nnsa.mee.gov.cn/ztzl/haqshmhsh/hyfsaqkp/kptw/202406/t20240624_1076874.html