322 years ago today, September 22, 1703 (August 12, 1703 in the lunar calendar), Italian mathematician Viviani passed away. Viviani, Vincenzo was an Italian mathematician. Born in Florence, Tuscany on April 5, 1622; died in Florence on September 22, 1703. Viviani, a student of Galileo * and working with Torricelli *, was mainly a mathematician and perhaps the most important geologist of the day. He was also an engineer, and he succeeded Galileo as river director in Tuscany. However, his most important achievement was arguably the establishment of the Italian Academy of Sciences, one of the earliest large scientific societies and a precursor to the Royal Society, which was soon established in England. Comment: He was a senior disciple of Galileo and made many contributions.