On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered, and the United States implemented a separate occupation of Japan, promoting democratic reforms that subdued Japan and made it subject to the United States. In order to turn the emperor into a tool for realizing its policies, the US occupation authorities decided to retain and reform the imperial system despite the opposition of public opinion in Japan and abroad. In September of the same year, MacArthur suggested that the emperor issue a self-denial of godhood statement. The first draft was drafted by the Allied Command-in-Chief in early December, and then the Prime Minister Kijiro Keihara drafted the "Human Manifesto" based on this draft. It was published on the day of 1946. The declaration, as a guideline for building a new Japan, first reaffirmed the enlightened spirit of the Five Oaths of 1868 to break bad habits and open up public opinion, declared that Japan adheres to pacifism, and emphasized that the bond between the emperor and the people is neither derived from myths and traditions, nor from fictional concepts such as the emperor is a "god of the world" and the superiority of the Japanese nation over other nations, thus denying the godhead in the emperor, and the emperor's status was changed from "head of state" to "national symbol".