Italy

After the unification of the Italian country, it embarked on the capitalist colonial path of external expansion and appeared in European political diplomacy as a powerful country. In the 1860s and 1880s, it successfully invaded Eritrea and South Somalia, the transportation points on the Red Sea coast of East Africa; in 1912, it captured Libya and the Aegean Rhodes Islands in North Africa; in 1921, Mussolini's Fascist Party took over the country's power. It signed a series of treaties with Germany and Japan, including the "Steel Alliance" and the "Anti-Communist Agreement", and established the Axis Group in an attempt to redivide the world.

On the eve of World War II, it occupied Albania in Europe and Ethiopia in Africa. In 1940, Italy reached its peak in its sphere of influence throughout the Mediterranean, North Africa, and East Africa. It then shrank after suffering a series of blows in the battle with the British Expeditionary Force, and surrendered and withdrew from the Axis Group in 1943. The overseas territories collapsed. After World War II, only the rule of South Somalia was retained until 1960.

Italy was one of the six founding countries when the European Economic Community was established in 1957. The economy developed rapidly after World War II at a growth rate three times that before World War II. It was called a miracle in the south of the Alps by Western media at that time. At that time, only Japan and Germany grew faster than Italy. In the 1970s, Italy's economy began to weaken due to the rampant terrorist organizations such as the Red Brigade and the sharp rise in prices of petroleum and energy products. But in the 1990s, economic and political crises were encountered. In order to join the European Monetary Union (EMU), Italy had to implement fiscal austerity. In addition, after the assassination of some anti-Mafia people in 1992, Italy decisively launched a fight against the Sicilian Mafia.