On this day 742 years ago, January 9, 1283 (December 9, 1282 lunar calendar), Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, made an impassioned sacrifice. The hero Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236 - January 9, 1283, 736 years ago, has been 736 years). The word Lushan, the word Song Rui, the name Wenshan. People from Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi Province). In 1256 (the fourth year of Li Zongbaoyou), he was the first scholar. He was ostracized when Jia Sidao was in power. In 1275, the Yuan army advanced to Lin'an, and the Song Dynasty court issued an edict to recruit the army of the king. Wen Tianxiang, who was the governor of Ganzhou, formed a rebellion army of ten thousand people and went to the north to guard. In 1276, he served as the right prime minister and was sent to the barracks to negotiate and was detained. Escorted in Zhenjiang escaped, with the help of the people, exiled to Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), from Haidao to Fujian, with Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and other people in Fuzhou, Zhao Cheng became emperor, adhere to the resistance of Yuan. In 1277, he invaded Jiangxi and recaptured several counties, which greatly improved the situation of resistance. But he was soon defeated by the Yuan army and retreated to Guangdong. In 1278, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). Yuan general Zhang Hongfan asked him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie to surrender, but he was rejected. The book "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" has a clear ambition: "I have suffered a lot, and I have been fighting for four weeks. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is drifting, and the life is floating and the rain is beating the ping. Fear of the beach said fear, and sighed in the small ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, and his heart has been taken as his history. In 1279, he was sent to Dadu (now Beijing), where he was imprisoned for 3 years. He was threatened and lured through threats and inducements, and he never gave in. On January 9, 1283 (to the beginning of the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty), he was killed in Chai City and died calmly. Wen Tianxiang (1236~ 1283), the first name was Yun Sun, and the word Tianxiang. Select Gongshi, change the name to Tianxiang, and change the word Shen. In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), the champion changed the word Song Rui again, Because he lived in Wenshan, he was named Wenshan. Luling (now in Ji'an, Jiangxi). An outstanding national hero strategist, patriotic poet and politician in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His works include "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan", "Wenshan Yuefu", and famous pieces include "Zhengqi Song" and "Crossing Lingdingyang". Song Lizong Baoyou won the first place in Jinshi (No. 1) in four years (1256), and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was called "the three heroes of the late Song Dynasty". His poems in his later years were impassioned in style, desolate and tragic, and had a strong appeal, reflecting his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. On January 9, 1283 (the ninth day of the twelfth lunar month), he died in Caishikou, Beijing, at the age of forty-seven. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison. Works such as "Crossing Lingdingyang" and "Zhengqi Song" have become a symbol of the Chinese national spirit. Extended reading: The patriotic life of the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang Extended reading: The patriotic life of the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang Memorial Hall Wen Tianxiang won the first place in the school examination in Luling Township at the age of nineteen. The following year (Baoyou four years) he entered the Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he was selected as a tribute to Jizhou and went to Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the palace examination, he made a "imperial examination strategy" to cut the current problems, proposed reform plans, and expressed his political ambitions. Song Lizong personally took the first place and became a protégé of the Prime Minister Jia Sidao. The examiner Wang Yinglin said: "It is like a tortoise, and his loyal liver is like an iron stone. I dare to congratulate people for it." But four days later, his father unfortunately died, and Wen Tianxiang returned home In the early years of Kaiqing (1259), the Mongol army attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). The eunuch Dong Songchen asked Li Zong to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front, and Wen Tianxiang asked Dong Songchen to be beheaded in order to inspire people's hearts and offer plans to defend against the enemy, which were not adopted. Later, he signed a letter. The official affairs of the Navy's Judge's Office, the officer of the Criminal Department, the punishment in Jiangxi, the official of the Shangshu Zuo Si Langguan, the punishment in Hunan, and the position of Zhiganzhou. In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the adulterer Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Emperor Gongdi of Song (1275), due to the large-scale attack of the Yuan army, the whole line of the Yangtze River defense of the Song army collapsed. The imperial court issued an edict to organize troops and horses in various places Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his family's resources as military expenditure, recruited local heroes, and set up troops to work hard. With the slogan of "justice is in me, I can't stand; many people are powerful, and I can succeed", I organized 30,000 rebels and went to Lin'an. The Song Dynasty appointed Wen Tianxiang to Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered him to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and immediately ordered him to help Dusongguan. Due to the fierce offensive of the Yuan army, although the Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, they eventually failed because they were alone and helpless, and there were only six people left. In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin'an, and the civil and military officials fled one after another. Empress Dowager Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the prime minister and privy envoy of the left (the right minister was Lai Danchen, the defense envoy of the Yangtze River, who supervised the operation of Xiangyang), and sent him out of the city to negotiate with Boyan in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan army camp, hoping to spy on the Mongolian military situation by means of negotiation. During the negotiation process, Wen Tianxiang argued with reason and scolded Boyan angrily. But at the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court sent people to Wen Tianxiang's army camp to announce the dissolution of Wen Tianxiang's army. Boyan learned that Wen Tianxiang's army had been disbanded, so he ordered him to be arrested. At this time, the Yuan army occupied Lin'an, but the Lianghuai, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangzhou had not been fully controlled and occupied by the Yuan army. Therefore, Boyan tried to lure Wen Tianxiang down and used his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than give in, and Boyan had to escort him to the north. When Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Zhenjiang, he was rescued by local righteous men. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty court had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Yuan Dadu, and Lu Xiufu and others supported the 7-year-old Song Duanzong to ascend the throne in Fuzhou. Wen Tianxiang entered Fuzhou on May 26, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and served as the privy envoy. At the same time, the governor of various military horses, established the governor's palace in Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian), and sent people to various places to recruit troops and raise salaries to continue the anti-Yuan war. In the autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was fleeing at sea and drifting by boat in Guangdong. In July, Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic government, and disagreed with Chen Yizhong, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty. As the same governor, he gathered troops in the Kaifu of Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian), commanding the anti-yuan, and then entered the Qingliu border to cross the mother of the country. Poem "Hanging Mrs. Huili": Millions of Pixiu swept away dogs and sheep, and thousands of miles of the mountains were sealed off. If the man does not level and strengthen the invaders, he will die of Mingxi Xinqiniang. In October of winter, Wen Tianxiang moved to Tingzhou, Liancheng and other places, and sent the counselor Wu Junqidu to contact the anti-yuan rebellion troops in various places and insist on the struggle. In the second year of Wen Tianxiang Jingyan (1277), Yuan soldiers entered Tingguan, and Wen Tianxiang wanted to reject the enemy according to Liancheng. Tingzhou's guard, Huang Guji, heard that the emperor drove down to the sea, and the soldiers of the county had different intentions. Wen Tianxiang went to Longyan. In February, Wen Tianxiang led his army to attack Fumeizhou, and in April he killed the two domineering generals. In summer, Meizhou sent troops to attack Jiangxi. At this time, heroes from all over the world responded to the resistance and gave orders to pass through Jianghuai. After Yudu (now Yudu, Jiangxi) won a great victory, he moved to Ganzhou, attacked Jizhou with a partial division, and recaptured many counties one after another. Yuan Jiangxi Xuanwei sent Li Heng to launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, his wife and concubines were separated, and the remnants were taken in. He entered Liancheng again with his mother and asked for the order to raise the army again, and then moved to Xizhou. In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong had died, and his younger brother, Zhao Bing, who succeeded him, was stationed in Yashan, appointed Shaobao, and believed in Duke of the State. In order to get rid of the difficult situation, he asked to lead the army to join the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's firm opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army to retreat to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan army attacked in a big way. Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Yuan General Zhang Hongfan on the way to retreat to Haifeng. Wen Tianxiang's army was attacked by the Yuan army while making rice in Wupo Ridge and was defeated. Wen Tianxiang swallowed the ice flakes he carried with him and tried to commit suicide. He did not die, but he passed out in a coma. In the coma, Wen Tianxiang was captured. Wen Tianxiang was then escorted to the mountain by Zhang Hongfan and asked him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said: "I can't protect my parents, can I teach others to betray their parents?" Zhang Hongfan did not listen and repeatedly forced Wen Tianxiang to write letters. Wen Tianxiang then copied the poem "Crossing the Dingyang" he wrote a few days ago to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read "Who has not died in life since ancient times, and keep the heart of the pill to take a picture of his history." After two sentences, he couldn't help but be moved and no longer forced Wen Tianxiang. Twenty days after writing "Crossing Lingdingyang", after the Southern Song Dynasty was fiercely defeated in the naval battle of Yashan, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea on his back with the eight-year-old young emperor Zhao Bing and died, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu for instructions on how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who has no loyal ministers?" He ordered Zhang Hongfan to treat Wen Tianxiang politely and sent Wen Tianxiang to Dadu (now Beijing). On the way, he went on a hunger strike for eight days and did not die. Imprisoned in the Hutong of Beijing's Fuxue. Yuan Shizu Kublai Lie loved his talents, and first sent Liu Mengyan, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who had surrendered to Wen Tianxiang, to persuade him to surrender. As soon as Wen Tianxiang saw Liu Mengyan, he was furious, and Liu Mengyan had to go away angrily. Yuan Shizu asked Zhao X Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground, wept bitterly, and said to Zhao Xian, "Please come back!" Zhao Xian had nothing to say and left unhappily. Yuan Shizu was furious, so he ordered Wen Tianxiang's hands to be tied and put on a wooden shackle. He was put into the prison of the soldiers and horses. Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned for more than ten days before the jailer released his hand, and it was half a month before he took off his wooden shackle. Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Polo personally opened the court to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the lobby of the Privy Council and stood tall, only to give a hand to Polo. Polo ordered Wen Tianxiang to kneel left and right. Wen Tianxiang struggled with all his might and sat on the ground, never giving in. Polo asked Wen Tianxiang: "What else do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "Things in the world are prosperous and decline. The country has been killed in history. I am loyal to Song, but I only wish to die early! "Polo was furious and said," You want to die? I won't let you die. I want to imprison you! "Wen Tianxiang was not afraid, saying," I would like to die for justice, and I am not afraid of imprisoning you! "From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang, learning that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace, living like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that his daughter's letter was a hint from the Yuan court: as long as he surrendered, the family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang, despite his heart being cut, did not want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter. In a letter to his sister, he said:" Receiving letters from Liu girls hurts the stomach. Who has no love for wife and children? But today's matter is here, Yu Yi should die, but it is fate. What can I do? What can I do!... But Liu Nv and Huannu are good people, and my father can't control them. I choked up with tears. "Life in prison was very hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. The third volume of the" Guide Postscript "," Zhengqi Song "and other immortal masterpieces were written in prison. Yuan Shizu to the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282) in March, the powerful minister Ahma was assassinated, Yuan Shizu ordered the confiscation of Ahma's family wealth, investigated Ahma's crimes, and appointed He Li Huosun as the right prime minister. He Li Huosun proposed to govern the country with Confucian ideas, which was quite agreed by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the ministers of parliament: "Who is Qu Neng, the prime minister of the south and the north?" The ministers replied: "The people in the north are like Yelu Chu Cai, and the people in the south are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order, intending to grant Wen Tianxiang a high-ranking official. Some old friends of Wen Tianxiang immediately informed Wen Tianxiang of the matter and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. On December 8, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and personally persuaded him to surrender. Wen Tianxiang still did not kneel to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu did not force him to kneel, but only said: "If you can change your mind and worry after a long time here, and use your loyalty to me in the Song Dynasty, then I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province." Wen Tianxiang replied: "I am the prime minister of the Great Song Dynasty. The country is destroyed, and I only want to die quickly. Don't live for a long time. "Yuan Shizu asked again:" Then what are you willing to do? "Wen Tianxiang replied:" I hope one death is enough! "Yuan Shizu was very angry, so he ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately. The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chai City. The chopping officer asked:" What else does the prime minister have to say? If you repeat it, you can avoid death. "Wen Tianxiang shouted:" If you die, you die, what else can you say? "He asked the chopping officer:" Which side is the south? "Someone pointed him in the direction, and Wen Tianxiang knelt down to the south and said:" My affairs are over, and I feel ashamed in my heart! "So he was sentenced by the neck and died calmly at the age of 47. Soon after the execution, the Russian edict stopped it, but Wen Tianxiang was already dead, and Kublai Khan regretted and said, "A good man is not for my use, and it is a pity to kill him sincerely." Wen Tianxiang's wife, Ouyang Shi, found a piece of self-praise in his belt when she collected it: "Kong said to be benevolent, Meng said to be righteous, only his righteousness is exhausted, so benevolence is here. What have you learned from reading the books of the sages? Now and then, how much do you deserve." Wen Tianxiang killed himself to be benevolent, and his grandeur and righteousness are everlasting. Wen Tianxiang's life has left many immortal poems for people, and his spirit is even more worthy of our widespread praise!On this day 742 years ago, January 9, 1283 (December 9, 1282 lunar calendar), Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, made an impassioned sacrifice. The hero Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236 - January 9, 1283, 736 years ago, has been 736 years). The word Lushan, the word Song Rui, the name Wenshan. People from Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi Province). In 1256 (the fourth year of Li Zongbaoyou), he was the first scholar. He was ostracized when Jia Sidao was in power. In 1275, the Yuan army advanced to Lin'an, and the Song Dynasty court issued an edict to recruit the army of the king. Wen Tianxiang, who was the governor of Ganzhou, formed a rebellion army of ten thousand people and went to the north to guard. In 1276, he served as the right prime minister and was sent to the barracks to negotiate and was detained. Escorted in Zhenjiang escaped, with the help of the people, exiled to Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), from Haidao to Fujian, with Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and other people in Fuzhou, Zhao Cheng became emperor, adhere to the resistance of Yuan. In 1277, he invaded Jiangxi and recaptured several counties, which greatly improved the situation of resistance. But he was soon defeated by the Yuan army and retreated to Guangdong. In 1278, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). Yuan general Zhang Hongfan asked him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie to surrender, but he was rejected. The book "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" has a clear ambition: "I have suffered a lot, and I have been fighting for four weeks. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is drifting, and the life is floating and the rain is beating the ping. Fear of the beach said fear, and sighed in the small ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, and his heart has been taken as his history. In 1279, he was sent to Dadu (now Beijing), where he was imprisoned for 3 years. He was threatened and lured through threats and inducements, and he never gave in. On January 9, 1283 (to the beginning of the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty), he was killed in Chai City and died calmly. Wen Tianxiang (1236~ 1283), the first name was Yun Sun, and the word Tianxiang. Select Gongshi, change the name to Tianxiang, and change the word Shen. In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), the champion changed the word Song Rui again, Because he lived in Wenshan, he was named Wenshan. Luling (now in Ji'an, Jiangxi). An outstanding national hero strategist, patriotic poet and politician in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His works include "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan", "Wenshan Yuefu", and famous pieces include "Zhengqi Song" and "Crossing Lingdingyang". Song Lizong Baoyou won the first place in Jinshi (No. 1) in four years (1256), and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was called "the three heroes of the late Song Dynasty". His poems in his later years were impassioned in style, desolate and tragic, and had a strong appeal, reflecting his steadfast national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. On January 9, 1283 (the ninth day of the twelfth lunar month), he died in Caishikou, Beijing, at the age of forty-seven. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison. Works such as "Crossing Lingdingyang" and "Zhengqi Song" have become a symbol of the Chinese national spirit. Extended reading: The patriotic life of the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang Extended reading: The patriotic life of the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang Memorial Hall Wen Tianxiang won the first place in the school examination in Luling Township at the age of nineteen. The following year (Baoyou four years) he entered the Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he was selected as a tribute to Jizhou and went to Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the palace examination, he made a "imperial examination strategy" to cut the current problems, proposed reform plans, and expressed his political ambitions. Song Lizong personally took the first place and became a protégé of the Prime Minister Jia Sidao. The examiner Wang Yinglin said: "It is like a tortoise, and his loyal liver is like an iron stone. I dare to congratulate people for it." But four days later, his father unfortunately died, and Wen Tianxiang returned home In the early years of Kaiqing (1259), the Mongol army attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). The eunuch Dong Songchen asked Li Zong to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front, and Wen Tianxiang asked Dong Songchen to be beheaded in order to inspire people's hearts and offer plans to defend against the enemy, which were not adopted. Later, he signed a letter. The official affairs of the Navy's Judge's Office, the officer of the Criminal Department, the punishment in Jiangxi, the official of the Shangshu Zuo Si Langguan, the punishment in Hunan, and the position of Zhiganzhou. In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the adulterer Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Emperor Gongdi of Song (1275), due to the large-scale attack of the Yuan army, the whole line of the Yangtze River defense of the Song army collapsed. The imperial court issued an edict to organize troops and horses in various places Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his family's resources as military expenditure, recruited local heroes, and set up troops to work hard. With the slogan of "justice is in me, I can't stand; many people are powerful, and I can succeed", I organized 30,000 rebels and went to Lin'an. The Song Dynasty appointed Wen Tianxiang to Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered him to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and immediately ordered him to help Dusongguan. Due to the fierce offensive of the Yuan army, although the Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, they eventually failed because they were alone and helpless, and there were only six people left. In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin'an, and the civil and military officials fled one after another. Empress Dowager Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the prime minister and privy envoy of the left (the right minister was Lai Danchen, the defense envoy of the Yangtze River, who supervised the operation of Xiangyang), and sent him out of the city to negotiate with Boyan in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan army camp, hoping to spy on the Mongolian military situation by means of negotiation. During the negotiation process, Wen Tianxiang argued with reason and scolded Boyan angrily. But at the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court sent people to Wen Tianxiang's army camp to announce the dissolution of Wen Tianxiang's army. Boyan learned that Wen Tianxiang's army had been disbanded, so he ordered him to be arrested. At this time, the Yuan army occupied Lin'an, but the Lianghuai, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangzhou had not been fully controlled and occupied by the Yuan army. Therefore, Boyan tried to lure Wen Tianxiang down and used his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than give in, and Boyan had to escort him to the north. When Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Zhenjiang, he was rescued by local righteous men. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty court had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Yuan Dadu, and Lu Xiufu and others supported the 7-year-old Song Duanzong to ascend the throne in Fuzhou. Wen Tianxiang entered Fuzhou on May 26, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and served as the privy envoy. At the same time, the governor of various military horses, established the governor's palace in Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian), and sent people to various places to recruit troops and raise salaries to continue the anti-Yuan war. In the autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was fleeing at sea and drifting by boat in Guangdong. In July, Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic government, and disagreed with Chen Yizhong, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty. As the same governor, he gathered troops in the Kaifu of Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian), commanding the anti-yuan, and then entered the Qingliu border to cross the mother of the country. Poem "Hanging Mrs. Huili": Millions of Pixiu swept away dogs and sheep, and thousands of miles of the mountains were sealed off. If the man does not level and strengthen the invaders, he will die of Mingxi Xinqiniang. In October of winter, Wen Tianxiang moved to Tingzhou, Liancheng and other places, and sent the counselor Wu Junqidu to contact the anti-yuan rebellion troops in various places and insist on the struggle. In the second year of Wen Tianxiang Jingyan (1277), Yuan soldiers entered Tingguan, and Wen Tianxiang wanted to reject the enemy according to Liancheng. Tingzhou's guard, Huang Guji, heard that the emperor drove down to the sea, and the soldiers of the county had different intentions. Wen Tianxiang went to Longyan. In February, Wen Tianxiang led his army to attack Fumeizhou, and in April he killed the two domineering generals. In summer, Meizhou sent troops to attack Jiangxi. At this time, heroes from all over the world responded to the resistance and gave orders to pass through Jianghuai. After Yudu (now Yudu, Jiangxi) won a great victory, he moved to Ganzhou, attacked Jizhou with a partial division, and recaptured many counties one after another. Yuan Jiangxi Xuanwei sent Li Heng to launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, his wife and concubines were separated, and the remnants were taken in. He entered Liancheng again with his mother and asked for the order to raise the army again, and then moved to Xizhou. In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong had died, and his younger brother, Zhao Bing, who succeeded him, was stationed in Yashan, appointed Shaobao, and believed in Duke of the State. In order to get rid of the difficult situation, he asked to lead the army to join the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's firm opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army to retreat to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan army attacked in a big way. Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Yuan General Zhang Hongfan on the way to retreat to Haifeng. Wen Tianxiang's army was attacked by the Yuan army while making rice in Wupo Ridge and was defeated. Wen Tianxiang swallowed the ice flakes he carried with him and tried to commit suicide. He did not die, but he passed out in a coma. In the coma, Wen Tianxiang was captured. Wen Tianxiang was then escorted to the mountain by Zhang Hongfan and asked him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said: "I can't protect my parents, can I teach others to betray their parents?" Zhang Hongfan did not listen and repeatedly forced Wen Tianxiang to write letters. Wen Tianxiang then copied the poem "Crossing the Dingyang" he wrote a few days ago to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read "Who has not died in life since ancient times, and keep the heart of the pill to take a picture of his history." After two sentences, he couldn't help but be moved and no longer forced Wen Tianxiang. Twenty days after writing "Crossing Lingdingyang", after the Southern Song Dynasty was fiercely defeated in the naval battle of Yashan, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea on his back with the eight-year-old young emperor Zhao Bing and died, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu for instructions on how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who has no loyal ministers?" He ordered Zhang Hongfan to treat Wen Tianxiang politely and sent Wen Tianxiang to Dadu (now Beijing). On the way, he went on a hunger strike for eight days and did not die. Imprisoned in the Hutong of Beijing's Fuxue. Yuan Shizu Kublai Lie loved his talents, and first sent Liu Mengyan, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who had surrendered to Wen Tianxiang, to persuade him to surrender. As soon as Wen Tianxiang saw Liu Mengyan, he was furious, and Liu Mengyan had to go away angrily. Yuan Shizu asked Zhao X Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground, wept bitterly, and said to Zhao Xian, "Please come back!" Zhao Xian had nothing to say and left unhappily. Yuan Shizu was furious, so he ordered Wen Tianxiang's hands to be tied and put on a wooden shackle. He was put into the prison of the soldiers and horses. Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned for more than ten days before the jailer released his hand, and it was half a month before he took off his wooden shackle. Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Polo personally opened the court to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the lobby of the Privy Council and stood tall, only to give a hand to Polo. Polo ordered Wen Tianxiang to kneel left and right. Wen Tianxiang struggled with all his might and sat on the ground, never giving in. Polo asked Wen Tianxiang: "What else do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "Things in the world are prosperous and decline. The country has been killed in history. I am loyal to Song, but I only wish to die early! "Polo was furious and said," You want to die? I won't let you die. I want to imprison you! "Wen Tianxiang was not afraid, saying," I would like to die for justice, and I am not afraid of imprisoning you! "From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang, learning that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace, living like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that his daughter's letter was a hint from the Yuan court: as long as he surrendered, the family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang, despite his heart being cut, did not want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter. In a letter to his sister, he said:" Receiving letters from Liu girls hurts the stomach. Who has no love for wife and children? But today's matter is here, Yu Yi should die, but it is fate. What can I do? What can I do!... But Liu Nv and Huannu are good people, and my father can't control them. I choked up with tears. "Life in prison was very hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. The third volume of the" Guide Postscript "," Zhengqi Song "and other immortal masterpieces were written in prison. Yuan Shizu to the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282) in March, the powerful minister Ahma was assassinated, Yuan Shizu ordered the confiscation of Ahma's family wealth, investigated Ahma's crimes, and appointed He Li Huosun as the right prime minister. He Li Huosun proposed to govern the country with Confucian ideas, which was quite agreed by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the ministers of parliament: "Who is Qu Neng, the prime minister of the south and the north?" The ministers replied: "The people in the north are like Yelu Chu Cai, and the people in the south are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order, intending to grant Wen Tianxiang a high-ranking official. Some old friends of Wen Tianxiang immediately informed Wen Tianxiang of the matter and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. On December 8, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and personally persuaded him to surrender. Wen Tianxiang still did not kneel to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu did not force him to kneel, but only said: "If you can change your mind and worry after a long time here, and use your loyalty to me in the Song Dynasty, then I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province." Wen Tianxiang replied: "I am the prime minister of the Great Song Dynasty. The country is destroyed, and I only want to die quickly. Don't live for a long time. "Yuan Shizu asked again:" Then what are you willing to do? "Wen Tianxiang replied:" I hope one death is enough! "Yuan Shizu was very angry, so he ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately. The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chai City. The chopping officer asked:" What else does the prime minister have to say? If you repeat it, you can avoid death. "Wen Tianxiang shouted:" If you die, you die, what else can you say? "He asked the chopping officer:" Which side is the south? "Someone pointed him in the direction, and Wen Tianxiang knelt down to the south and said:" My affairs are over, and I feel ashamed in my heart! "So he was sentenced by the neck and died calmly at the age of 47. Soon after the execution, the Russian edict stopped it, but Wen Tianxiang was already dead, and Kublai Khan regretted and said, "A good man is not for my use, and it is a pity to kill him sincerely." Wen Tianxiang's wife, Ouyang Shi, found a piece of self-praise in his belt when she collected it: "Kong said to be benevolent, Meng said to be righteous, only his righteousness is exhausted, so benevolence is here. What have you learned from reading the books of the sages? Now and then, how much do you deserve." Wen Tianxiang killed himself to be benevolent, and his grandeur and righteousness are everlasting. Wen Tianxiang's life has left many immortal poems for people, and his spirit is even more worthy of our widespread praise!