On October 5, 2010 (August 28, 2010 in the lunar calendar), graphene discoverers Novoselov and Heim won the Nobel Prize in Physics. On October 5, 2010, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics would be awarded to scientists Andre Heim and Konstantin Novoselov of Manchester University in the UK in recognition of their excellent research in graphene materials. Heim and Novoselov made graphene materials in 2004. This is currently the thinnest material in the world, only one atom thick. Since then, graphene has rapidly become a hot topic in physics and materials science. Andre Heim is a scientist at the University of Manchester, UK. Born in October 1958 in Sochi, a city in southwestern Russia. In 1987, he received his Ph.D. from the Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Previously, he was employed by the University of Manchester in the UK and the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He was also an honorary professor at the University of Delft in the Netherlands. He has won many honors and awards before. In 2000, he also won the "Ig Nobel Prize"-overcoming gravity through magnetism and leaving a frog suspended in mid-air. KonstantinNovoselov, a scientist at the University of Manchester, UK. Born in Nizhny Tagil, Russia in 1974, he has dual British and Russian citizenship. In 2004, Novoselov received his doctorate from the University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands. During his PhD, he began collaborative research with Andre Heim. The awards of these two professors have also increased the number of existing Nobel Prize winners at Manchester University to four. "This is really good news. We are glad that these two professors have received the highest recognition from the Nobel Committee for their research on graphene," said Nancy Rothwell, president of Manchester University. "This is another example of a major discovery made based on interest in science and practice, and their discovery has important socio-economic significance." In 2004, AndreK Geim of Manchester University in England prepared graphene. Heim Graphene and his colleagues accidentally discovered a simple and easy new way. They forcibly separated the graphite into smaller pieces, peeled thinner graphite flakes from the pieces, then glued the sides of the flakes with plain plastic tape, ripped the tape, and the flakes split in two. By repeating this process, you can get thinner and thinner graphite flakes (graphene with a theoretical thickness of only 0.34 nanometers, which is about one 200,000 th of the diameter of a hair), and some of the samples are only composed of a layer of carbon atoms-they made graphene. Graphene, the thinnest substance in the world at present, first surprised condensed matter physicists. Due to the strong force between carbon atoms, the crystal structure of graphene is still quite complete even after multiple peelings, which ensures that electrons can migrate unimpeded on the graphene plane, and its migration rate is tens to hundreds of times that of traditional semiconductor silicon materials. This advantage makes graphene likely to replace silicon as the basic material of the next generation of ultra-high frequency transistors and be widely used in high-performance integrated circuits and new nanoelectronic devices. At present, scientists have developed a prototype of graphene transistor, and optimistically predict that all-carbon circuits composed entirely of graphene will soon appear and be widely used in people's daily life. In addition, the electronic behavior in two-dimensional graphene materials is completely different from that of three-dimensional materials, which cannot be explained by traditional quantum mechanics, but must be explained by more complex relativistic quantum mechanics. Therefore, graphene provides a good platform for the study of relativistic quantum mechanics. Before that, scientists could only verify this theory in high-energy cosmic rays or high-energy accelerators, but now they can finally easily carry out research in ordinary environments.