In the mid-19th century, Tsarist Russia remained a state of feudal monarchy based on slavery. But since the mid-19th century, capitalist relations of production have developed slowly within feudal society and gradually destroyed the foundations of feudal slavery. The crisis is deepening. As the contradictions between productive forces and production relations intensify, the class struggle is becoming more and more sharp. According to the Statistics of the Shah Russian Government, 709 peasant uprisings occurred in 1826-1854, averaging more than 24 times a year. The police chief of the Tsarist government said in a report to the Tsar with horror: ¡°The slave system is a firehouse under the feet of the country.¡±

In order to save slavery and expand its hegemony in Europe, the Shah Russian government launched the Crimean War against Turkey in October 1853. The result was a major defeat by the German coalition. The war not only failed to save the crisis of slavery, but brought more disasters to the peasants, further exposing the corruption of slavery and the tsarist authoritarian regime. The peasant rebellion appeared to be more frequent. According to statistics, 86 peasant uprisings occurred nationwide in 1858, up to 90 in 1859 and up to 108 in 1860.

After the defeat of the Crimean War, Tsar Alexander I poisoned himself. Alexander II, who had recently come to power, was forced into an internal diplomatic situation and decided to implement reforms from the top down. He then set up a special committee in central and European parts to draft a draft for the reform of slavery. The committee consisted of tsarist officials and representatives of the aristocracy. The group did not support the reform, long argued, and the draft reform was not productive. At this time, the wave of peasant uprisings grew, and the tsar felt the urge to burn. He said with concern at the State Council: ¡°Any delay in the future would be harmful to the country.¡± Alexander II¡¯s horror and urge to speed up the draft work, the draft was finally

The decree stipulated that the peasants were free, that the land could not be sold or exchanged for slaves; that the peasants could receive a land from the landlord on the basis of a large amount of ransom when they were granted personal freedom. But this was a reform from the top to the bottom, which was not complete. It stillined the interests of the landlord, retained the surplus of slaves, and the ransom was the cruel looting of slaves. So the peasant uprising continued in succession. In 1861-1863, the peasant uprising reached more than two thousand times. However, the abolition of slavery provided the necessary labor, markets and funds for the development of Russian capitalism, and was a major step forward in the process of feudal monarchy to bourge

In 1861, the people of the liberated peasant slaves congratulated Tsar Alexander II.