Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, August 31, 12 ¨C January 24, 41) was the third emperor of the Roman Empire, and later historians often refer to it as Caligula. Caligula was his childhood expression, meaning "Little Army Shoes", derived from the children's army shoes he wore when he was a child with his father at the German front.

Caligula Caligula was considered to be a typical tyrant of the early Roman Empire. He established a reign of terror, deified the kingdom, and acted absurdly. Because of his good deeds, the massive construction of public buildings, and the continuous holding of large feasts, the empire's finances deteriorated drastically. Later, he attempted to slow down the financial crisis by increasing the tightening taxes, causing resentment in all classes. In 41 AD, Caligula was assassinated by the captain of the Guards, Cassius Caria.

Early years

Caligula was the successor of the "Julius Claudius dynasty" of the Dauphinese. His father was the German Manicus Caesar, who at the time was very much loved by the military, and his mother was the granddaughter of the Dauphinese, Agripina. Germanius and Agripina had nine children, six of whom were grown up: three sons were Nero, Druze, Caligula; three daughters were Livia, Druzilla, and Little Agripina.

After the death of Tiberius in 14 AD, his son Tiberius succeeded the emperor, and Tiberius succeeded his nephew Germanius as his son, proclaiming the heir to the throne. Tiberius' rule was unwelcome by the people, so it was widely hoped that Germanius would succeed to the emperor. But Germanius died ill in 19 AD, and the people projected their emotions on the three sons of Germanius. During the later period of Tiberius' rule, the court struggle began, the great Agripina was expelled, his sons Nero and Druze were also exiled and imprisoned, and Caligula was 19 years old when he was invited to the island of Calabria to accompany Tiberio and watch closely.

When Caligula stood by Tiberius, the nominal ¡°grandfather,¡± Tiberius, never referred to the misfortune of his relatives, and he dealt with the abuse he suffered in a stunning disguise. The ancient Roman writer, Suetonius, ironically said, ¡°never saw a better slave or a worse master than him.¡±

In 37 AD, Tiberius died at the age of 79. Among the male members of the royal family at that time, only Caligula and Tiberius's minor grandson, "Tiberius," remained. Thus, he ascended to the throne with the expectation of most of the inhabitants of the provinces and soldiers, and the Roman people also missed his father and sympathized with his extinct family. When he departed from Minusem to Rome, people set up altars to welcome him along the way.

Emperor Caligula- Early rule

Though Tiberius's testament named Caligula and Tiberius as his joint heirs, the Roman Senate unanimously granted Caligula all the privileges of the first citizen, all to one person. In the atmosphere of the people's joy, he buried the former emperor and brought his mother and the ashes of his brothers back to Rome, recalling his sister, Agripina, forgiving all those who had been expelled in the past. He gave the title of "August" to his grandmother, Antonia, and succeeded Titius as his son.

He carefully but not rigorously reviewed the list of knights and tolerated those who committed minor misdemeanors. He abolished the auction tax on items in Italy. He also intended to restore the People's Congress and return to it the power to elect state officials during the Republic. He twice generously distributed 300 Sextilians to each citizen, and twice to host a rich banquet for families of senators and knights. Caligula himself showed that he encouraged all good examples.

He completed several public works in Rome, including the Temple of Augustus and the Pompeii Theatre. In the Syracuse, he repaired the ruined city walls and numerous temples. He frequently hosted gladiators, horse races and a variety of stage performances, and gained popular love.

Turn to Cruelty

In Philo's book Legatio ad Gaium, Caligula was to have had a severe illness in October 37; soon after his illness, he broke up with the elderly and began a series of reversal policies and brutal reigns. Caligula's most beloved sister, Drusilla, fell ill and changed his character. The rulers of ancient Rome were worshipped as gods only after their death, but Caligula ordered the statues of the gods carried by Greece to be removed, their heads removed, the image of Caligula replaced, and people were asked to pay tribute to his own image; Caligula ordered himself as a god, telling people that he was invited to live in heaven by the gods.

Caligula ordered the poisoning of Tiberius and forced his father-in-law, Silano, to self-determinate himself. He often saw the wife or mistress of the senator at the banquets and brought her back to his house and then abandoned the other. He also executed Macro, who had helped him to establish himself, and expelled his sister, Agripina. And often tortured or brutally murdered senators, depriving them of the ancient noble signs of many of the highest noble families of Rome. He often publicly mourned all senators. He brought out copies of the previously destroyed insolvency material, accusing them of all the shameful acts of their past betrayal.

With a moment¡¯s impulse, the idea of conquering the Germans suddenly arose. So he immediately assembled legions and auxiliary regiments from all over the provinces, taxed them, and raised arms supplies on an unprecedented scale. In addition to surrendering to him by a king in the south of Britain, he canceled the idea of entering before a real war. He also recalled the uproar of the German regiment in Tiberius¡¯ early reign, when the army had attacked his father and his younger self, so that he wanted to retaliate against the cruelty of the ¡°Eleven Killing¡± regiment; later the soldiers learned that Caligula intended to rebel, but this no doubt caused Caligula to lose the support of the army.

Many of Caligula¡¯s luxurious measures, in the past putting the 2.7 billion Sextilians gathered by Tiberius to waste the treasury in a year. So Caligula came up with a variety of ways to get rich. He abolished the laws that allowed Roman citizenship to pass on to generations, restricted the people of the provinces, and released slaves could only give citizenship to the ¡°second generation¡± by increasing the tax-paying population. He asked the people in his will to list the Emperor as one of the inheritance donors, otherwise the will would be invalid. He also promised various forms of martyrdom and court convictions to confiscate the property of the accused. Caligula auctioned Augustus and the Palace of Beatrix, and sent the Commander of the Army to

assassinated

As a result of Caligula¡¯s rebellion and robbery, several assassinations have been triggered. Captain Cassius Caria, the emperor¡¯s guardian, had previously been insulted by Caligula by words¡ªCarrius had been injured on the battlefield when he was young and had lost his genital function. Caligula had iritated him with ¡°Priapus¡± and made him hateful. On noon on January 24, 41, when Caligula was about to go for lunch and walk in the courtyard, Caria and another captain, Cornelius Sabinus, joined forces to assassinate Caligula and kill his wife, Cassania, and young daughter, Yulia Drewira.

Caligula was 29 years old and served for 3 years and 10 months and 8 days. His body was silently carried out and burned in a fast-prepared burning pile and buried in half. Later his sisters returned from exile, digged him out, re-burned and buried.