by Isabella II

Isabella II was the eldest daughter of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, born in Madrid. Her mother was Ferdinand VII's fourth wife, Maria Cristina de Borbón, two Sicilians. She belonged to the Bonaparte dynasty of Naples, and was the niece of the French queen Mary Antoinette (member of the Habsburg family) who was executed in the French Revolution. After the death of Ferdinand VII without a male son, her daughter Isabella (at the time only 3 years old) was proclaimed Queen of Spain, and Maria Cristina became Regent (September 29, 1833). Only a few weeks after Ferdinand's death, the Queen fell in love and married a guard in the palace.

When Isabella II was able to inherit the throne, it relied on Ferdinand VII to succeed in persuading the Spanish Congress to abolish the Salic Legislation. When the Bourbon dynasty from France entered Spain in the 18th century, they also brought the French Salic Code to Spain, citing the throne legislation in which the original Spanish throne Legislation was replaced. According to the Salic Code, women were not entitled to inherit the throne; this soon became the excuse for the Spanish royal male princes to oppose the reign of Isabella II, triggering the half-century Carlos War.

After Isabella II inherited the throne, Prince Don Carlos, the brother of Ferdinand VII, immediately launched a rebellion, known as the First Carlos War (4 October 1833). Don Carlos considered himself the most legitimate heir to the throne, and Isabella II as a woman did not have the right to be king. Don Carlos called himself "Carlos V", whose supporters are not a few. The people who supported Don Carlos and his descendants to become king of Spain are known as the Carlosists, mainly composed of conservatives in the old aristocracy and Catholic Church (such as the Jesuits). Their activities became an important part of Spanish political life in the 19th century.

The supporters of Isabella II included liberals in the army and Congress, who hoped to profit from the confiscation of the Jesuits and the religious knights' property and through a constitution in Spain to restrict the power of the king. The Spanish bourgeoisie also supported the Queen with the desire to weaken the feudal aristocracy. On October 17, the regiment of Maria Cristina, supported by Portugal, France and the United Kingdom, announced the rebellion's defeat. The battle lasted seven years, during which Don Carlos invaded the Spanish capital Madrid in 1837. In 1839, the main forces of Carlos were crushed, and Don Carlos was forced to flee France. In July 1840, all of the Carlosists who fought in Spain were destroyed, and the throne of Isabel II was finally established.

From 1843 to 1868, the period of corruption under the rule of Isabella II, when the wave of the French Revolution flooded a wave by a wave, the liberalistic opposition in Spain was also expanding, characterized by the court conspiracy and revolutionary coup, she had to cope with the frequent and irrational changes of government, and in 25 years Spain replaced the 34th government and issued seven constitutions, which triggered 15 riots, and the colourful Chopin groups came to rule. Isabella II herself lived a life of desolation and sometimes interfered in domestic politics. The queen appeared to have replaced the freedom and the reactionary elements in the church, which made the life of her people in Spain even more disgusting. She had finally been murdered twice, but was lucky enough to hide

The reformist general Juan Prim launched a failed military coup in 1866. After two years of preparation, coupled with the death of two generals on whom she usually relied, her position was severely weakened. Prim reignited in 1868 and succeeded in overthrowing the government. Isabella II fled France in late September 1868 after her mainly dependent, conservative officers' star resistance was crushed by the armies of Francisco Serrano and Primo.

Napoleon III of France was buried in the northwestern part of France to welcome her residence in Biarritz. Despite her exile, she continued to uphold her monarchy and thought day and night of this restoration of her throne. For this, she contacted the political enemies of Carlos and even was willing to give them financial assistance, but Carlos refused her assistance. Until the 25th of June 1870, Isabella II officially announced the death of Juan Primo in Paris, hoping that his son Alfonso could inherit the crown of Spain. But, because of the disorder in Spain, the Congregation headed by Francisco Serrano chose the Italian prince Amedeo de Savoia as the monarch of Spain. Until December 1870, the assassination of Juan Primo took place in Paris, which made the situation of Amedeo de Savo