On January 17, 1706, Franklin was born in a small homeowner family in Boston. At the age of 16, he began writing articles and published papers such as "On Freedom". Between 1765 and 1775, he published 126 articles advocating materialism and prompting the national awakening. He was the first most prestigious leader of the North American independence movement to participate in the revision of the Declaration of Independence. He also invented the shelter clock, the new fireplace, and so on.