by Carl XIV John

Following the French Revolution, Napoleon I was followed by Napoleon I. Because of the battle courage in 1794 he was promoted to General, and in 1804 he became Marshal of the Napoleonic Empire. In 1809, Swedish King Charles XIII soon reigned as a lower-level officer in the Royal Infantry Corps of Louis XVI. Prince Christian of Denmark and Prince Augustus of Denmark signed an alliance treaty, and Bernadotte was elected by the pro-French aristocracy in exchange for the reform of Russia for his support for Norway. In autumn 1813, he became commander-in-chief of the Northern Roads of the French Coalition and was renamed Carl John. Since 1811 he was chaired in foreign affairs and changed Sweden's past legal policies, and then signed an alliance treaty with

In his youth, Bernadotte was a famous Republican with rumors of having a tattoo on his arm: "Mort aux rois" (defeat of the feudal prince).

But because the war against Napoleon was not very positive, the performance was flat.

Bernadotte joined the army in 1780, serving as Lieutenant Lieutenant (November 1791), Colonel (December 1792) and Commander General (Late 1793).

On June 26, 1794, in the Battle of Fleurus, he served as a general to defeat the Austrian-Dutch coalition. In 1794-1796 he was transferred to the German region as a commander under the command of Jungle, then sent to Italy, where he met Napoleon, and served under him in 1797, his troops were well trained and disciplined and took only 10 hours to cross the dangerous Alps in the cold and snowy winter.

He was sent to Vienna as an ambassador on April 1, 1798. his diplomatic means were very tough, and when an anti-French uprising occurred in Italy, when the Austrians who had ruled Italy were very excited, and broke the French flag of the embassy, Bernadotte immediately left Austria, fearing that the relationship between the two countries was broken, the Austrian government only had to surrender, giving up all support for the Italians in the dark.

Bernadotte served as commander of the Rhine Army in November 1797 and June 1799, taking part in the offensive against Austria. On March 16, the army led the forcible crossing of the Talya Mantova River. On the 19th hit the fortress of Gretzicka and defeated it, and the troops arrived when they forced the fortress to fall.

In 1798 he married Desiree Clary, a aunt of Napoleon's brother Joseph Napoleon (Désiree Clary, formerly Napoleon's fiancée, known as "Napoleon's eternal lover"). Napoleon was guilty of Desiree Clary for breaking up his marriage to the windy widow Josephine, and regarded Bernadotte as a family member's "care", which later made him flee to Napoleon's French empire.

Bernadotte was promoted to Minister of Defense in September 1799 and worked fruitfully, quickly forming a new army of 100,000, but was forced to resign due to his civilian origins and contact with the Jacobinists.

When Napoleon submerged back from Egypt, he sharply felt his political ambition and was prepared to arrest him on charges of escape. He gave up after discovering that Napoleon's forces were too powerful, and remained neutral during the Nebula coup (9 November 1799).

In January 1800, Bernadotte was appointed senator. In April, he was appointed commander of the Western Legion. In January 1803, he was appointed ambassador to the United States, but was unable to do so because of the outbreak of war with Britain.

On December 2, 1804, Napoleon held a grand coronation ceremony in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.

After the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, Bernadotte was awarded the title of Imperial Marshal at the age of 41. In 1806, he was declared Prince of Pont-Covent (Pont and Covent were the two seals of the original popes in the Kingdom of Naples).

When the Second Fao War broke out, Bernadotte, as Chief of the First Army, was in charge of Hannover, which was stationed in Germany. In order to keep the troops secret, he lied to return to France, and when the troops arrived in Würzburg, he again claimed to take over the defense, under strict deception and confidentiality measures, Allied intelligence officials could not know the true moves of the French troops.

In the Battle of Ulm, together with the Third Army, the Bavarian army seized the Iza River, preventing the Russian forces from reinforcing Ulm.

But in the pursuit of the Austrian-Russian coalition, he made a foolish political mistake (also thought he was deliberately) and, in order to fight for time, led the army with a full face of regret, forcing it to cross from the territory of the indiscriminate neutral-Prussian Antwerp, which made Berlin unpleasant, and once the Prussian entry into war would be catastrophic for the French, it would be better for the Prussians to decide to see the outcome of the battle again.

On December 2, 1805, Bernadotte led the First Army (1.5 million) as a general reserve to participate in the Battle of Austerlitz, and they took part in the final offensive. Though the battle was fierce, the loss of the First Army was insignificant, which was attributed to Bernadotte's cautious (too cautious) command.

In the summer of 1806, Bernadotte, on the order of the Emperor, "in words and with peaceful sincerity" occupied all the important lands near Prussia, and after the outbreak of the war, quickly occupied Ansbach.

But in the battle of Jena-Olstatt (October 1806) it was very delayed, and although it was only seven miles from the two battlefields, there was nothing to do, there was no participation in the two battles, and the third army of Dawu was plagued, but because he was the husband of Napoleon's former fiancée, Napoleon was unable to lay his hand, he was exempt from the punishment of the military court.

The Battle of Lubeck captured some Swedish prisoners, and Bernadotte was first noticed by the Swedish authorities.

On November 7, Bernadotte forced landing in Tel Aviv while chasing the Prussian rebels and then defeated Napoleon in Waterloo by the Prussian Bruchell Army.

On January 25, 1807, he led the First Army (25,000) to defeat the Russian Benedictine Division (630,000) in the Battle of Melbourne, thus preventing the Russian invasion, thus repairing the general. On June 4, he served as a wounded commander in the Battle of Göttingen-Alenstein, after being wounded, serving as commander of the military district in Hamburg.

In March 1809 he served as commander of the Ninth Army of the German Legion (Saxon army, 180,000) and participated in the Battle of Wagram (5-6 July 1809).

On the first day of the battle, the Bernadotte headquarters, located in the middle of the French front, not only did not attack any enemy positions, but instead were driven out of their starting positions by the Austrian army, fleeing back.

The next day, Bernadotte, who served as the right wing, was again defeated, which made Napoleon very upset, and Bernadotte was withdrawn from office after the battle, returning to Paris in August and was ordered to command the troops to defend the British landing on the island of Valhellen.

Angry Bernadotte returned to Paris, and the Cabinet still trusted him and appointed him to take responsibility for the defense of Britain in the Netherlands.

On May 28, 1810, Prince Charles of Sweden died of a stroke.

While Bernadotte was preparing to go to Rome as governor, he was unexpectedly informed that he was elected as the heir to King Charles XIII of Sweden.

This was due to the fact that most Swedish soldiers considered the possibility of a future military conflict with Russia, and thus tended to have a future king appointed by a soldier, and also in part because Bernadotte was quite friendly to Swedish prisoners of war during the operations in Denmark, which earned him a reputation in Sweden.

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Bernadotte forwarded Morne¡¯s proposal to Napoleon, and Napoleon found it absurd.

But Napoleon actually planned to also need a northern nation similar to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. If Bernadotte was King of Sweden, he could increase the code of France, so Napoleon did not support but did not oppose.

Bernadotte then told Morne that he would not deny the honor if he were elected.

The Swedish government was surprised by Morneys shameless actions, and immediately arrested him when he returned to Sweden, although Bernadotte was eventually supported in Sweden.

On November 2, Bernadotte arrived in Stockholm, and on November 5, he accepted the Bayon of Parliament and was adopted by King Charles XIII, changing his name to "Carl John" and renouncing the title of Prince of France Pont-Couvre.

The new crown prince soon became the most popular and powerful man in Sweden, and the end of the weak old king and parliament brought the great power of government, especially foreign affairs, completely into his hands.

He pursued a pro-Russian foreign policy aimed at obtaining Norway. His entire policy focused on occupying Norway. Soon, "Karl John" proved that he was not Napoleon's northern monk at all.

On 21 August 1810, Bernadotte was elected prince and regent by the Swedes. On 20 October, he converted to Lutheranism and landed in Sweden. Commander of the Swedish army.

He strived to keep Sweden neutral (despite the nominal war in Britain), with opposition to the continental blockade policy, and unhappy with Bernadotte's Napoleonic Marshal Brennan's occupation of Sweden's Pomerania in January 1812.

In an alliance with Russia in April 1812, he wrote to Napoleon: "Friendship and hatred that do not exist politically, no obligation to the motherland except by the command of the God of Destiny" symbolized the separation of the two.

Allied with Britain and Prussia from 3 to 4 April 1813.In the May 1813 "Lepizi War", led the Swedish expedition into the north of Germany to fight.

He invited the exiled French General Moro to serve as the chief military adviser to the tsar because of his disagreement with Napoleon, and according to the characteristics of the French army, and Moro suggested that the coalition specifically attacked the troops commanded by the French marshals, and withdrew when Napoleon arrived; (later the Tractatus Plan) this proposal laid the victory of the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.

On 23 August, Bernadotte, in command of the Anti-French Coalition Northern Corps (7.3 thousand, 2.9 thousand Russians, 3.9 thousand Swedes), defeated the 60 thousand French troops defeated by Marshal Udin, and deported them south of Berlin; on 6 September, he defeated the Marshal Nayer at Denivitz.

On 16-18 October, Bernadotte continued to command the Corps of the North Road to participate in the Battle of Leipzig, convincing the Saxons to insurrection, which severely hit the morale of the French army, causing it to collapse.

In December 1813 and January 1814, the Allies invaded Denmark, forcing Denmark to surrender Norway to Sweden.

During the hundred-day dynasty, because Britain, Austria and other countries opposed in 1814 to allow Bernadotte to succeed Napoleon as king of France, refused to join the Seventh Anti-French Alliance, only in the spring of 1815 occupied Norway.

On February 5, 1818, Bernadotte became King of Sweden, calling Karl XIV a moderate ruler who made many contributions to the modernization of Sweden.

He died of a stroke in Stockholm on March 8, 1844 at the age of 81.