by Daniel Bernoulli.

character life

Daniel Bernoulli was one of the most outstanding of the famous Bernoulli family, and he was the second son of Johann Bernoulli.

When Daniel was born, his father John was a professor of mathematics in Groningen.

Daniel began his studies in philosophy and logic in 1713 and obtained a bachelor's degree in 1715 and a master's degree in 1716. During this time, his father, especially his brother Nicholas Bernoulli II (Nikolaus Bernoulli II, 1695¨C1726) taught him mathematics, so that he was affected by the mathematical family. His father tried to ask him to become a business scholar and pursue a business career, but the idea failed. So he studied medicine, initially in Basel, in 1718 to Heidelberg, in 1719 to Strasbourg, and in 1720 he returned to Basel.

In 1721 he obtained a doctorate in medicine with the title De respiratione, and in the same year he applied for a professor of anatomy and botany at the University of Basel, but was unsuccessful.

In 1723 Daniel traveled to Venice, and in 1724 he published his Exercitationes mathematicae in Venice, which attracted the attention of many, and was invited to work at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

In 1725 he returned to Basel, and then, together with his brother Nicholas II, he received an invitation from the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg to work at the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg; and in the eight years of St. Petersburg (1725¨C1733), he was appointed a physiological and mathematical academician.

In 1727 he worked with L. Euler, initially as an assistant to Daniel, and later as an assistant to Daniel's mathematics academy; during which time Daniel taught medicine, mechanics, physics, and did many work showing his creative talent; however, due to the death of Nicholas II and severe weather, in 1733 he returned to Basel, where he was previously appointed professor of anatomy and botany.

He became Professor of Physiology in 1743, Professor of Physics in 1750 and Professor of Philosophy from 1750 to 1777.

After Daniel left St. Petersburg in 1733, he began the most acclaimed scientific communication with Ulla, in communication, Daniel provided Ulla with the most important scientific information, Ulla applied outstanding analytical talent and rich work experience to give the quickest help, they communicated for 40 years, the most important communication was between 1734 and 1750, they were the closest friends and competitors.

Academic Writing

Daniel's academic writings are very rich, with all his mathematical and mechanical writings, and more than 80 papers.

In 1738 he published his most important book, Hydrodynamica.

During more than 30 years from 1725 to 1757, he was awarded more than 10 times by the Academy of Sciences of Paris for his achievements in astronomy (1734), earth gravity (1728), tide (1740), magnetism (1743,1746) ocean flow (1748) and stability of ship navigation (1753,1757) and theory of vibration (1747).

In 1734 he and his father John were awarded a double prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences for his work Quelle est alcause physique de l¡¯inclinaison des plans des orbites des pla-nètes par rapport au plan de léquateur de la révolution du soleilautour de son axe (Quelle est alcause physique de l¡¯inclinaison des plans des orbites des pla-nètes par rapport au plan de léquateur de la révolution du soleilautour de son axe, 1734).

In 1747 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, in 1748 became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris, and in 1750 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of England, and he was also a member of the academies or associations of sciences in Poland (Italy), Bern (Switzerland), Turin (Italy), Zurich (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany), and during his lifetime he retained the title of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.