509 years ago today, on February 18th, 1516 (January 16th, 1516 in the lunar calendar), Mary I, Queen of England, known as "Bloody Mary", was born. Mary I (18 February 1516-17 November 1558), Queen of England and Ireland (theoretically from 6 July 1553, actually from 19 July until her death on 17 November 1558). She was the fourth monarch of the Tudor dynasty and was extremely devout Catholic. Her main deed is her efforts to restore England from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism (1555). For this reason, she had executed almost three hundred opponents. And known as "Bloody Mary". Since then, BloodyMary has become synonymous with witches in English. But her religious policies were largely subverted by her successor Elizabeth I. Mary I's early life was very unfortunate. Her father Henry VIII decided to divorce Catherine after losing interest in her mother, Princess Catherine of Aragon. But both husband and wife have stubborn temper. Catherine insisted that she was queen and was determined to fight Henry VIII to the end. In fact, Catherine's only mistake was not giving birth to a son, from cooking to knitting as a woman to taking care of state affairs. Of Henry VIII and Catherine's children, only Mary survived. At that time, there was no queen in England, and Henry VIII also believed that it was unknown that a woman would succeed the throne. (Of course, more importantly, Catherine was originally Henry VIII's sister-in-law. At that time, after the death of his brother Arthur, King Henry VII took this Catherine as a hostage to restrict her father, King Ferdinand, for political gain, and deprived her of all her property. Henry VII's chivalrous son immediately married his former sister-in-law, who was six years older than himself. They had a good time, but as Catherine grew older and decayed, their relationship began to collapse. And Leviticus writes that sleeping with one's sister-in-law is sinful. Henry thought that God didn't acknowledge their sinful marriage at all, so he cursed him with only one daughter, Princess Mary, which in fact didn't exist.) In order to divorce Catherine and then put his beloved court official Anne Boleyn (later the second queen) on the throne, Henry VIII did not hesitate to break with the Catholic court, which refused to allow him to divorce, and founded the Anglican Church of England. Henry VIII's son Edward VI (the third queen) had survived the Guild, but his sister Mary had later destroyed it. Since then, Princess Mary's fate has been even more bumpy. She was not allowed to meet her mother. On various occasions, she was addressed as Miss "Mary Tudor" rather than as Princess. Her father excluded her in every way, her maid was replaced, and then she was placed under house arrest and stripped of all titles. But she still stubbornly called herself the rightful daughter of the king, not some illegitimate daughter. This made Henry VIII very angry. He canceled all possible marriages for his daughters, including Charles V, the most powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the time (who was Mary's cousin), and Francois, the wealthy king of France (who was of course Mary's cousin). Furthermore, she had to degenerate into a court wet nurse, serving her sister Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn, from the age of 17. Mary's stepmother, Anne Boleyn, was finally executed for treason because of Henry VIII's boredom and failure to give birth to a male heir for Henry VIII. So there was a new stepmother, and Princess Elizabeth degenerated into the nanny of the harem. To serve her brother Edward VI. But the bad luck mostly ended after Henry VIII's death. In 1553, Mary overthrew the reign of Llywelyne Jane Grey, Queen of the Nine Days (aged 16, four years younger than her cousin Elizabeth I) and beheaded her to set up a Catholic government. It was her unfortunate life in her early years that caused her resentment against Protestantism and violent temper. She married her nephew, King Philip II of Spain, and strengthened the Catholicism through this unpopular marriage, but the groom hardly lived in England at all, so there was no offspring. So in 1558, after Queen Mary died, her sister Princess Elizabeth became Queen of England and Ireland. Almost at the same time, there was another queen named Mary Stuart, and that was Queen of Scots, Mary I. It's Stuart's granddaughter. Finally she died at the hands of her cousin Elizabeth I. After her reign ended, Elizabeth I, a Protestant, ascended to the throne and the Catholic rule ended.