The French writer Seth Tonda.

Stendhal was a prominent critical realismist of the 19th century in France, and his famous novel, Red and Black, was famous all over the world for its progressive ideological tendencies, and for its profound depictions of social class relations at the time, and the excellent sketches of the typical character.

On January 23, 1783, Stunda was born in a bourgeois family in the French city of Grenoble. His real name was Henry Bell. His mother died early, his father was a wealthy lawyer, believed in religion, thought conservative, Stunda was bound and oppressed in the family, hated his father from childhood.

In 1799, Stunda graduated from the local central school with excellent results, and came to Paris to earn a position in the military ministry. From then on, he followed Napoleon's army, participating in the great struggle of two forces, two systems throughout Europe. Until 1814, Napoleon's fall, the Bourbon dynasty was restored, and Stunda was "pulled out" and had to leave Paris and settle in Milan, Italy.

During his stay in Milan, he studied, traveled and studied Italian music and fine arts, and had contacts with the charcoal burners who were engaged in the Italian national liberation war. In 1815, his first biography of musicians came out, and his writing career began from then on.

In 1821, the uprising of the Italian charcoalsters was suppressed, and Stendhal was regarded as a dangerous element by the authorities and forced to leave Milan and return to Paris. In Paris, while writing, he carefully observed the social life during the Restoration period, gained a deep understanding of the contradictions of his own era, and finally wrote a novel Red and Black, which profoundly reflected the French social reality before the July Revolution, which made him an outstanding critical realistic writer in the 19th century.

Stanton's work Amans illustration

Two-frame illustration of Stendhal's work "Abbey of Bama"

Cover of Chinese translation of Stendhal's Red and Black

Based on the novel of the same name adapted from the film Red and Black.