61 years ago today, on December 21, 1964 (November 18, 1964 in the lunar calendar), China proposed "realizing the four modernizations" for the first time. On December 21, 1964, Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council announced at the first session of the Second National People's Congress that the task of adjusting the national economy had been basically completed. On behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he proposed that "in a short historical period, China should be built into a powerful country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, modern science and technology and socialism". The National People's Congress approved Zhou Enlai's Government Work Report, elected Liu Shaoqi as the president of the country, Soong Ching Ling and Dong Biwu as vice-chairmen, and Zhu De as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and decided that Zhou Enlai would continue to serve as Premier of the State Council. His report is divided into three parts: the first part is the achievements of the national economy and the future construction tasks; The second part is the United front of socialist revolution and people's *; The third part is the international situation and China's foreign work. Premier Zhou Enlai first put forward in his report that since the first session of the Second National People's Congress, the people of all ethnic groups in China, under the wise leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), have held high the glorious banner of Mao Zedong Thought, adhered to the general line of working hard, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism quickly and economically, and launched three revolutionary movements nationwide: class struggle, production struggle and scientific experiment. The task of adjusting the national economy has been basically completed, the national economy has improved in an all-round way, and will enter a new period of development. When talking about the achievements of the national economy, Premier Zhou pointed out that China's national economy, after the great development from 1958 to 1960, has entered a period of adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement since 1961. Now, the task of adjusting the national economy has been basically completed, industrial and agricultural production has risen in an all-round way, the whole national economy has improved in an all-round way, and it is about to enter a new period of development. Premier Zhou said that a few years ago, while China's national economy made great development, it encountered quite serious difficulties. From 1959 to 1961, serious natural disasters occurred for three consecutive years, which brought great difficulties to the development of the whole national economy. We have also made some shortcomings and mistakes in our practical work. In 1960, Khrushchev suddenly and treacherously tore up hundreds of agreements and contracts, retreated from Su Xin's family, and stopped supplying important equipment, which seriously disrupted our original plan to develop the national economy and greatly aggravated our difficulties. The great Chinese people have not been intimidated by serious difficulties. Over the past four years, under the leadership of the Party, our people have united as one, worked hard, relied on themselves, and worked hard. They have consolidated and improved the people's commune system for three years, achieved a new leap forward in the quality and variety of industrial products, completed the arduous task of adjusting the national economy in a short time, and laid a good foundation for the new development of China's socialist construction in the future. In the past few years, according to the basic spirit of the general line, we have preliminarily summed up the practical experience of the masses, formulated a series of specific policies and put forward some working regulations. Although some of these specific policies and regulations still have shortcomings, they have played an important role in the adjustment of the national economy. At the same time, we concentrated our main forces, strengthened the agricultural front, and made efforts to increase the production of people's daily necessities; Adjusted the relationship between industry and agriculture, and transferred the work of industry and other sectors to the track based on agriculture; The relationship between industries has been adjusted, weak links have been strengthened, and new industries have been developed. In this way, the relations among various departments of China's national economy will be more coordinated on a new basis, and our economic strength will be strengthened compared with excessive expenditure. Premier Zhou summarized the great achievements of national economic adjustment from four main aspects: agriculture, industry, finance and trade, culture and education. First, agricultural production continued to increase in production in the first two years, and this year it achieved a better harvest, reaching the level of higher years in the past. It is estimated that the output of major agricultural and animal husbandry products, such as grain, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, sugarcane, pigs and sheep, all exceeded the level of 1957, the last year of the first five-year plan. In 1964, the number of agricultural tractors owned by the whole country increased four times compared with 1957, the horsepower of irrigation and drainage equipment increased twelve times, rural use increased twenty-two times, and the chemical fertilizer supplied by the state increased by more than two units. Great achievements have been made in farmland water conservancy construction, which has played a certain role in agricultural production and will play an even greater role in the future. Second, new development has been made in industrial production, and new leaps have taken place in variety and quality. In 1964, the total industrial output value of China is expected to increase by more than 15% compared with 1963, which is a great increase compared with 1957. The output of major industrial products such as steel, petroleum, chemical fertilizers, cement, automobiles, cotton yarn, sugar, cigarettes, etc. increased by more than 20% in 1964 compared with 1963. In the past four years, the varieties of major industrial products have increased by about 24,000, two more than the varieties added during the great development period from 1958 to 1960. The quality of products has generally improved, and some have reached or approached the world advanced level. The operation and management of industrial enterprises has been greatly improved, the consumption quota and production cost of raw materials, materials and fuels have been significantly reduced, and labor productivity has been continuously improved. Third, the supply situation of commodities has improved significantly, prices have been stable, fiscal revenue and expenditure have been balanced, currency and credit have improved, and foreign trade has developed greatly. In recent years, the lives of urban and rural people have gradually improved. Compared with 1957, the supply of pork, mutton, vegetables and other non-staple foods in 1964 increased by more than 30%; Machine-made paper, aluminum products, enamel products, bicycles, radios and other major daily necessities increased by more than 50%. Now, the supply of commodities in the market is relatively abundant, and there is a prosperous scene everywhere. Fourthly, there have been new developments in culture, education, health and sports, and the level of scientific research has been improved. In recent years, according to the principle that education serves proletarian politics and combines education with productive labor, we have improved our teaching work and the quality of education. Some new schools of part-time work-study, part-farming and part-study have been set up on a trial basis in various places, which has increased the enrollment rate of workers and children of poor peasants and middle peasants. We have continued to carry out the patriotic health campaign, strengthened medicine and health work, and improved medical technology. Mass sports have developed greatly, and the technical level of sports teams has been further improved. The scientific and technological team is growing day by day. We already have a group of first-class scientists and engineers, and some research results can already be considered advanced.