On this day, 381 years ago, on April 25, 1644 (March 19, 1644 in the lunar calendar), Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, hanged himself. Zhu Youjian, Sizong of the Ming Dynasty, was Emperor Chongzhen (February 6, 1611-April 25, 1644), Han nationality, and the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The fifth son of Zhu Changluo of the Mingguang Sect was granted the title of King Xin in the second year of Tianqi (1622). Seven years later, his brother Xizong Zhu Youxiao died of illness and had no children. His posthumous edict was passed on to the court for inspection. The throne was in August, and the next year was changed to the first year of Chongzhen. After the Tianqi, the ruling class of the Ming Dynasty was completely decadent, social production was in decline, the regime of the Later Jin Dynasty in Manchuria became increasingly powerful, and the peasant uprising was in the ascendant. When Sizong ascended the throne, the Ming Dynasty was facing a severe situation of fighting on both sides and decadence and decline. In order to save the Ming Dynasty from the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he tried to cheer up and successively appointed Yuan Chonghuan, Sun Chengzong and others to supervise Liaodong, and also used Hong Chengchou, Sun Chuanting, Yang Sichang and others to suppress the peasant uprising. Three additional salaries were paid and land taxes were increased to raise military salaries, thus increasing the burden on farmers and greatly deepening the crisis of the entire society. Zhu Youjian was suspicious and headstrong, and his subordinates were harsh and ungrateful. During his seventeen years in office, he frequently changed cabinet officials and killed governors. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), after killing Yuan Chonghuan, a famous anti-Qing general, for "conspiracy to betray", he increasingly relied on eunuchs, making politics more corrupt. Since then, the Manchurian aristocratic army has crossed the wall many times and penetrated deep into Hebei, Shandong and other places. The peasant uprisings with Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong as the main force have become more and more prosperous. On March 19, 17th, the Dashun Peasant Army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing. Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Meishan (now Jingshan), and the Ming Dynasty fell. Later, the posthumous title of Hongguang in Nanming Dynasty was given to Sizong, and soon changed to Yizong; The court of Longwu changed its posthumous title to Weizong; in the Qing Dynasty, it was posthumous title to Huaizong, Emperor Zhuang Liemin. There is a very desolate tomb at the foot of Luma Mountain in the southwest of the Ming Tombs. There is nothing else except a stone tablet that is about to collapse. The tomb is so simple that even people who come to visit the underground palace of Dingling find it difficult to believe that it is the tomb of Emperor Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Siling. As the emperor who rules China, he should have been high and powerful in the world. But from the day Chongzhen proclaimed himself emperor, he has never had a good day. Since the first year of Chongzhen, a peasant uprising broke out in northern Shaanxi. This made Emperor Chongzhen feel like he was on pins and needles and could not eat. There was not a day when he did not think about how to "suppress bandits." However, after more than ten years of "suppressing bandits", a peasant rebel army led by King Li Zicheng became stronger and stronger over the war. In 1644, Li Zicheng personally led 400,000 infantry and 600,000 cavalry to cross the Yellow River and descend to Taiyuan. His troops were divided into two groups, like the Yellow River rushing straight to the capital. The panicked Chongzhen hurriedly summoned important ministers and asked about plans to deal with Li Zicheng's rebels. But the ministers just bowed their heads and remained silent. At this time, Chongzhen seemed to vent his anger and said: "I am not a subjugated king, but all ministers are subjugated ministers." Then he returned to the inner palace. In fact, the Ming Dynasty was not without good generals, and Yuan Chonghuan was one of them. However, Chongzhen was extremely suspicious by nature and executed Yuan Chonghuan despite his repeated military exploits. In this way, there were no loyal ministers around him to advise. On April 23, 1644 (March 17, the 17th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Li Zicheng's rebels attacked the city even more urgently amid the rumbling sound of artillery. In the evening, Cao Huachun, the chief guard and eunuch of the city, opened Zhangyi Gate (now Guang 'an Gate) to surrender, and the rebels marched into the outer city. Ironically, this eunuch was actually Chongzhen's most trusted official. On the 24th, seeing Chongzhen, whose situation was hopeless, he asked the two princes, King Yong and King Ding, to disguise themselves as civilians, escape from the Forbidden City, and ordered Empress Zhou to commit suicide. Then, he rushed into Ningshou Palace and personally killed his biological daughters, Princess Changping and Princess Zhaoren. In the dim night, he rushed out of the palace door with a group of eunuchs and fled for his life. They left Donghua Gate, reached Chaoyang Gate, and then ran to Anding Gate... After circling the city, they were all stopped by his officials and had to return to the palace. In the early morning of the 25th, Emperor Chongzhen climbed the bell tower and sounded the bell to gather all officials, but no one came. Emperor Chongzhen, who had been betrayed by all his relatives, slipped out of the Forbidden City with the eunuch Wang Chengen and climbed the Wanshou Mountain (present-day Jingshan) behind. Three days later, people found Chongzhen's body in Shouhuang Pavilion. I saw Chongzhen hanging to death with his messy hair covering his face and one foot bare. Some people couldn't bear to witness this tragic situation, so they buried him in the tomb of Consort Tian, who died three months ago-now Siling. In this way, the rule of the Ming Dynasty fell.