On this day, 144 years ago, on March 12, 1881 (February 13, 1881 in the lunar calendar), Kemal, leader of the National Liberation Movement, the father of the Turkish founding nation, was born. Mustafa Kemal Atatuk (1881- 1938), leader of the Turkish National Liberation Movement and the first President of the Republic of Turkey. It was born on March 12, 1881 in the town of Thessalonika in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Greece). He graduated from Istanbul Army University in 1905 and joined the Young Turkish Party in 1907. Chief of Staff of the Third Army. During the First World War, Kemal became famous after defeating the Anglo-French coalition forces in the Battle of Sufra and later won the rank of general and the title of Pasha. In 1916, he was promoted to brigadier general. Since 1917, he has served as commander of the regiment, commander of the group army, and inspector of the regiment. In May 1919, Greek troops forcibly occupied the port of Izmir. In May 1920, the Allies and Sudan signed the Peace of Sevor to divide up Turkey. In the same year, Kemur established the National Assembly in Ankara and served as chairman and commander-in-chief of the National Army. In 1922, he defeated the Greek invading army, and the following year he signed the Peace Treaty of Lausanne with the Allies to safeguard sovereignty. In October, he announced the establishment of the Republic of Turkey and served as president. In July 1927, he voluntarily resigned from the military in order to adapt to the new electoral law, and was re-elected as president in November. During his tenure, reforms were implemented in various aspects such as administration, social life, culture and education. After the birth name law was promulgated in 1934, he was given the title of "Ataturk"(meaning "Father of the Turkish Nation") as his surname. On November 10, 1938, he died of illness.