Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg was born on March 5, 1871, into a Jewish merchant family in Samoshi, Lublin Province, Poland. When he was two years old, he moved to the capital Warsaw with his parents. When studying at the Second Girls 'School, she was diligent and studious with excellent grades.

At that time, Poland was under the brutal colonial rule of Tsarist Russia. The toiling people, who suffered from the dual suffering of national oppression and class oppression, rose up to the point where bloody conflicts continued on the streets of Warsaw. The harsh reality and fierce struggle have made Luxembourg more and more concerned about social issues and linked the destiny of individuals with national independence and class liberation. After graduating from high school, she devoted herself to the Polish revolutionary movement and embarked on the path of a professional revolutionary.

In 1889, Luxembourg, who was only 18 years old, was placed on the hunting list by the Tsarist Russian rulers. She was forced to leave her native country and live in Switzerland, beginning a career as an exiled politician who had been stranded all her life.

During its seven years living in Switzerland, Luxembourg studied Marxist theory carefully, mastered six or seven languages, met famous Marxist theorists such as Plekhanov, and often attended gatherings of socialists. In international forums and newspapers of workers 'parties, this young female revolutionary attracted people's attention with her touching speeches and sharp writing style.

In 1893, Luxembourg and its comrades founded the Polish proletarian political party, the Polish Socialist Party (also known as the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania). The magazine "Workers 'Cause" edited by her, Markhlevsky and others was widely circulated among Polish workers and played a major role in promoting Marxism.

In 1897, Luxembourg graduated from the University of Zurich with a doctorate in law, and soon left Switzerland and moved to Germany. From then on, she actively participated in the activities of the German Social Democratic Party, fought against Bernstein opportunism, and defended the theory of proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship. In 1907, at the Stuttgart Congress of the Second International, she and Lenin fought against various opportunist factions; criticized the mistakes in Bebel's resolution "On the Question of Militarism and War", and proposed the famous Lenin and Luxembourg Amendments.

Before and after the outbreak of World War I, she resolutely opposed imperialist wars and social chauvinism. On January 15, 1919, due to traitor whistleblower, she was arrested together with Karl Liebknecht and secretly killed by the reactionary German government.

Lenin compared her to an eagle fighting in the sky."Eagles sometimes fly lower than chickens, but chickens can never fly as high as eagles."¡»