On this day, 260 years ago, on April 15, 1765 (February 26, the 1765 lunar calendar), Romonosov, a giant in Russian literature and science, passed away. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711~1765) was a Russian chemist and philosopher. Born on November 19, 1711 in the village of Denisovka, Arkhangelskaya Province, and died on April 15, 1765 in St. Petersburg. In 1730, he went to Moscow and was admitted to the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. In 1735, he transferred to the University of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences to study. In 1736, he was sent by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences to Germany to study mining. He first entered the University of Marburg to study physics and chemistry, and then went to Freiburg to study mining and metallurgy. In 1741, he returned to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and served as associate professor of physics. In August 1745, he became an academician and professor of chemistry at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In the autumn of 1748, he established Russia's first chemical laboratory according to his own plan. In 1755, Moscow University was founded. In 1760, he was elected a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1764, he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Bologna, Italy. Because of his many contributions to the history of Russian science, especially the law of conservation of mass and the systematic compilation of Russian grammar, he is known as the "Peter the Great in the history of Russian science." Lomonosov was a knowledgeable scientist and the founder of Russian materialist philosophy and natural science. His scientific view of the universe is based on particle philosophy. He believed that particles (molecules) were made up of extremely small particulate elements (atoms). He firmly opposed the dominant phlogiston theory and caloric theory at the time. He used the concept of particles to explain the phenomenon of heat and proposed the theory that heat is the motion of particles in the matter itself. In 1748, he proposed the concept of conservation of matter and motion. In 1756, he proved that the law of conservation of mass applies to chemical reactions by heating metals in closed containers. He also proposed the theory of the motion of gas molecules, believing that the impact of air particles on the vessel wall is the cause of the pressure generated by the air. These theories laid the foundation for the development of theoretical chemistry in Russia, which he first called physical chemistry. Because Russia was far away from the world's scientific center at that time, his important achievements did not receive international attention. In terms of physics, Lomonosov founded the theory of heat dynamics, pointing out that heat is the internal motion of the matter itself, which essentially explains the phenomenon of heat; he proposed the theory of gas molecules, believing that air particles collide with the container wall. The impact is the result of the pressure generated by air; In 1741, he founded the atom-molecule theory of the structure of matter, believing that particles (molecules) are composed of extremely small particles-(atoms). If matter is composed of the same kind of particle, it is a simple substance; if matter is composed of several different particles, they are compounds. The nature of matter is not formed by accident, but depends on the nature of the particles that make up the object... These theories laid the foundation for the development of physical chemistry in Russia.