83 years ago today, on February 22, 1942 (January 8, 1942 in the lunar calendar), Austrian writer Zweig passed away. Stefan Zweig (November 28, 1881-February 22, 1942) was a famous Austrian Jewish writer. A master of medium and short stories, good at psychological analysis of characters. Stephen Zweig was born in Vienna, the son of Moritz Zweig, a wealthy textile businessman. Zweig's family was not religious, and he later described it during an interview as "both parents happen to be Jewish." While in college, he published poems influenced by Hugo Hofmannsthal and Rainer Maria Rilke. In 1904, he completed his doctoral thesis on Tyner and graduated from the University of Vienna. During this period, he published his first novella, a literary style that later made him famous around the world. He developed a special writing method that combines careful psychological analysis, engaging narration and excellent rhetoric style. In addition to writing short stories and prose, Zweig was also a translator of the works of Baudelaire, Verlaine and Verharen. Zweig maintains the lifestyle of a wealthy citizen and travels frequently. He set foot in India in 1910 and set foot in the United States two years later. After the outbreak of World War I, he volunteered to join the army and was assigned to serve in wartime news services. The course of the war and the influence of his friend, the French pacifist Roman Rowland, on him made him increasingly opposed to the war. In 1917, Zweig took his first leave of absence during his service and wrote the play "Jeremiah" to oppose the war. He later retired and moved to Zurich, neutral Switzerland, where he worked as a journalist for the Vienna Neue Freedom newspaper. After the war, Zweig returned to Austria and lived in Salzburg. He married Friedrich von Wennitz in 1919. As an intellectual with a sense of responsibility, Zweig actively participated in activities against nationalism and revenge, and promoted the idea that "Europe must have a unified spirit." During this period, he created many works. In 1927, he completed the historical feature "When the Stars of Humanity Shine", in which the author selected twelve moments in history to describe. Some of these moments changed the whole of Europe (such as the regret of French Major General Gruch, who failed to reinforce Napoleon in time during the Battle of Waterloo), and some changed a person's destiny (such as Handel's stroke and enlightenment). The appeal of the plot and the author's superb artistic skills make this feature collection passionate and very infectious. In 1928, Zweig traveled to the Soviet Union, where his work was published in Russian through Gorky's efforts. At the same time, he wrote biographies. He was influenced by Freud's thoughts and focused on the psychological analysis of characters. He has written biographies of Balzac, Dickens, Dostoevsky, Holderlin, Kleist and others. In 1929, he completed "Old Book Dealer Mendel". In 1930, Zweig dedicated his work "Psychotherapy" to Einstein. In 1933, when the Nazis came to power in Germany, Zweig decided to go to London. His book was not allowed to be published at the Island Press in Leipzig, but only in Vienna. But his contacts with Germany are still ongoing. In 1935 he wrote the script for Richard Strauss's opera "The Silent Woman". In the same year, he traveled to South America. In 1936, Zweig's works were banned by those in power in Germany. His first marriage ended. In 1938, Austria also fell into Nazi control, and Zweig immigrated to Britain. He was married to Charlotte Altman. After the outbreak of World War II, Stephen Zweig became a British citizen. He left London and arrived in Brazil via New York, Argentina and Paraguay. In 1941, he published the classic masterpiece "The Story of Chess" and the autobiography "Yesterday's World", which strongly accused fascism of authoritarian rule over ideas. On February 22, 1942, Zweig and his second wife Charlotte Altman both committed suicide by sedating in Petrópolis, near Rio de Janeiro. -- "Out of voluntary and rational thinking", out of sadness at the destruction of his "spiritual home, Europe."