On this day, 211 years ago, April 4, 1814 (February 14, the 1814 lunar calendar), Napoleon abdicated for the first time. Napoleon abdicated for the first time on April 4, 1814. On April 4, 1814, Napoleon still controlled 60,000 troops in Fontainebleau, but Nay, Moncey, Lefeffre, Bertier, Udino and Marshal McDonald persuaded him to give up fighting and passed on to the king of Rome. So the emperor sent Colancourt and others to see the tsar as negotiators, and issued the following edict: On April 4, 1814, at Fontainebleau, the emperor thanked the army for the love they had shown for him, especially their recognition that France was tied to him rather than the people of the capital. A soldier shares his destiny with his general, whether victory or disaster, and shares his glory and faith. Duke Ragusa failed to stir up these emotions among his comrades, but instead let himself fall into the hands of the coalition forces. The emperor would not recognize the former's situation when he adopted this method, and he could not accept the life or freedom he was given after submitting to others. The senators manipulated the French government as they pleased, but they forgot that the power they abused was given by the emperor, who rescued them from the thunderstorm of the Revolution, freeing some from obscurity and protecting others from national hatred. The Senate relies on the provisions of the Constitution to overturn the Constitution itself. They were not ashamed to accuse the emperor, but they did not notice that, like the country's original army, they were involved in everything. These people even dared to accuse the emperor of modifying some documents published in publications, and the world knew he had no need to do so: the evidence was that if an order was given to the Senate, they would always carry out it bolder than we expected. The emperor had always been willing to accept wise advice from his ministers, and he expected them to provide the broadest defense of his actions. If they took the opportunity to mix great enthusiasm into public speeches, the emperor might be confused, but those people must be responsible for the disastrous consequences of such flattery. The Senate is not ashamed to publish defamation of foreign governments, but senators forget that they themselves drafted these articles. As long as their king remains prosperous, these people will remain loyal and hear no condemnation of abuse of power. If the emperor had despised those who accused him, the world would today recognize that he had reason to do so. His noble status came from God and the country, and only two could take it away: he had always regarded it as a burden, and when he accepted it, he firmly believed that he could only bear it alone and with dignity. His pursuit seemed to lie in his own happiness: now, good luck had passed away from him, and only the aspirations of the people could persuade him to remain on the throne. If he had to see himself as the only obstacle to peace, he would make a final sacrifice for France: so he had sent the Princes of Moscow, Vicenza and Taranto Paris to start negotiations. The army could be sure that his happiness would no longer contradict the happiness of France. Introduction to Napoleon's first abdication at Fontainebleau Palace on April 4, 1814 Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte, 1769 - 1821) was born in Corsica, France. He was a world-famous military strategist and politician. He was the consul of the First French Republic and the most famous founder of the First French Empire in the 19th century. He was crowned emperor on November 6, 1804. Internally, he suppressed the rebellion of reactionary forces many times, promulgated the French Civil Code, Commercial Code, and Criminal Code, improved the world legal system, established the social order of Western capitalist countries, and spread the fruits of victory of the French bourgeois revolution. Externally, he defeated the invasion of the anti-French alliance five times, fought back heavily against the feudal systems of European countries, and defended the results of the French Revolution. During his French administration, he expanded abroad many times, launched the Napoleonic Total War, served as King of Italy, Protector of the Rhinese Confederation, and Arbitrator of the Swiss Confederation, and granted his brothers Joseph, Louis, and Jerome the titles of Naples, Netherlands, and Westphalia, forming a huge Napoleonic Empire system and creating a series of military and political miracles and short-term glorious achievements. Napoleon was defeated and exiled twice in 1814 and 1815. In 1821, Napoleon died of illness on St. Helena. In 1840, his coffin was welcomed back to Paris, France, and was solemnly buried in the Paris Invalides (Paris Invalides) on the Seine River in France. Napoleon abdicated for the first time and achieved military achievements. The five defeats of the Anti-French Alliance Napoleon had excellent military command skills. During the 23 years from the Battle of Toulon to the Battle of Waterloo, he commanded countless battles. He repelled the invasion of the Anti-French Alliance and suppressed the rebellion of the reactionary forces many times at home and abroad. He fought seven wars with the Anti-French Alliance, most of which were won. The several battles he commanded are still of great significance in military history. His continuous external expansion broke the balance of power among European countries, severely attacked the feudal systems of European countries, defended the achievements of the French Revolution, and safeguarded the interests of the bourgeoisie. However, not all wars launched by Napoleon were just, and the nature of war changed from self-defense and counterattack to aggression and expansion. Roughly taking 1810 as the dividing point: ¢Ù Early stage: The war before this was based on justice. He repelled the invasion of the anti-French alliance and suppressed the rebellion of the reactionary forces many times at home and abroad; The First French Empire established by him defended the achievements of the French Revolution, fought back heavily against the feudal systems of European countries, established the social order of Western capitalist countries, represented the interests of the bourgeoisie, and spread the fruits of the French bourgeois revolution. Objectively, it was conducive to the disintegration of the feudal systems of European countries and the revolutionary movements and liberation wars of the local people (the just self-defense counterattack war to defend the achievements of the French Revolution).¢Ú Late period: After this, it was a war of aggression and expansion. Napoleon successively invaded Spain, the mainland economically blockaded Britain, and marched into Moscow, Russia. Armed forces violated the sovereignty and independence of many European countries, plundered the property of many European countries, aroused resistance from the local people, and led to the final failure of the war. Anecdotes and allusions 1. Who dares to be taller than the emperor? Napoleon is less than 1.7 meters tall and is most afraid of being called short. One day, he wanted to remove a book from the bookshelf. Because the book was placed too high, he couldn't reach it, so he asked someone to bring a stool to him. At this time, a general who happened to be there said: "Your Majesty, there is no need to lift the stool. Let me get it for you, because I am taller than you." "" Are you saying that you are longer than me?" Napoleon immediately corrected it. 2. I don't read my country's newspapers every morning when Napoleon has a haircut and shave. But I mainly read British and German newspapers, and I was not interested in French newspapers at all. Someone asked him why he did this, and he replied: "Everything published in my country's newspapers is written according to my will. "3. Coronation of oneself On November 6, 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor of France and was officially crowned on December 2. He was not crowned by the Pope himself, but when the crown was about to be put on his head, he took it and put it on his head, and then crowned his wife Josephine Beauarnet as queen. 4. Later generations commemorate Napoleon for bringing glory to France. The French people have always loved this French soldier. In December 1840, after Napoleon's coffin was transported back to Paris, France, 900,000 Paris citizens braved the severe cold to welcome him. Many years later, Napoleon also won the respect of his opponents. In 1855, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and the Crown Prince (Edward VII) came to the Veterans 'Retirement Home (Honorary Military Home in Paris). The Queen asked the Crown Prince (Edward VII) to "kneel before the coffin of the great Napoleon." Historical Comment: Napoleon's life reflected the transcendence of mankind. During his administration, he cleverly combined the spirit of freedom and democracy during the Great Revolution with the interests of the bourgeoisie. The impact of his external expedition and expansion on the entire Europe and even the world brought far-reaching changes. Napoleon was the product of his own destiny, not the creator of his own destiny. He was doomed to failure and to be immortal. Extended reading: Napoleon was castrated after his death: The priest cut off the "dragon root" for revenge Extended reading: Napoleon was castrated after his death: the priest cut off the "dragon root" for revenge Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821), the ruling of the First Republic of France and Emperor of the First French Empire, was born in Corsica, France. He was an outstanding military genius. (Data Sheet) This article is excerpted from "Crazy, Fool, Erotic", written by Michael Farquhar, CITIC Press. The first edition in December 2003, a person should be more glorious and tall after his death, but after Napoleon Bonaparte died, it was shortened by a few inches. If the origin of the little dry object currently preserved in a New York hospital is correct, then an important part must have been missing from the short emperor Napoleon when he was buried in Paris. Although the tempering of time has shrunk his "penis" to the size of a pinkie, it has not been long. "His genitals were small and clearly atrophied," a doctor who attended Napoleon's autopsy in 1821 later wrote."Before his death, it was reported that he had been impotent for a long time." Napoleon's autopsy was carried out on the remote South Atlantic island of St. Helena. After drawing much of Europe into war, he spent exile there under the supervision of British troops. After the autopsy, a Corsican military chaplain named Vignari used a sharp knife to cut off the "dragon root". "Look! It's mine!" It is said that he once wrote this. John Lattimer, a New York urologist and collector of Napoleon's relics, believes the priest's motives are simple. Currently, the dry historical relic is being preserved by him in a small box. Like all loathsome monarchs, Napoleon had a bad attitude towards his Corsican subordinates during his lifetime, often insulting and punishing them, which made Venilieri furious. "Corsicans have a very strong feeling," Latimer said. He also believed that Viniari had enough time after the autopsy to "cut off the little thing as a means of revenge." Latimer confirmed based on his own experience that in the hot climate of tropical regions, the rancid smell of corpses can quickly become unbearable. The British soldiers watched as the body was re-sewn and left easily, providing an opportunity for Vinari's plan to castrate the emperor. Latimer did not have much doubt about whether the collection was authentic. It belongs to a large number of Napoleon's relics, whose holders can be traced back to Vigneri. He said: "I have not seen any evidence that undermines its authenticity. There are no obvious loopholes in the list of owners." Since Dr. Latimer acquired Napoleon's most secretive part in the early 1970s and was proud of it, he has preserved it intact with high respect, never publicly displayed the object, nor is anyone allowed to take a photo of it. He even offered to return it to the Napoleon Cemetery in Paris, but has not received any formal response. Perhaps, as a meaningful comment in the Washington Post said, the French are reluctant to admit that "the important legacy left by their ancestors will be lost, because its source is not so glorious, but has been castrated."