82 years ago today, March 9, 1943 (February 4, 1943 in the lunar calendar), former world champion Bobby Fischer was born. Bobby Fischer, the first and only world chess champion in American history. It is known as "Mozart in chess". His life is full of legends and controversy. He is a chess genius, with almost no one who has won eight consecutive championships. During the Cold War, he defeated his former Soviet opponent and ascended the throne of the world chess king, making him a "national hero" of the United States. However, participating in the game in violation of the ban made him a wanted criminal. His praise for the September 11 terrorist attacks made him a public enemy of the United States and forced him to embark on a long career in exile. Fischer was born in Chicago, USA on March 9, 1943. He entered the Brooklyn Chess Club to learn chess at the age of 7 and learned chess from famous teacher John Colin at the age of 13. In 1957, at the age of 14, he won the first crown-the National Junior Chess Championship. In 1958, he won the National Chess Championship, qualified for the group stage of international competitions, and became the youngest grandmaster in chess history at that time. (This record was not broken until 1991.) In 1971, he defeated many of the world's top players and won the qualification to challenge chess king Boris Spassky. From July to September 1972, Fischer and Spassky's chess championship was held in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. There were 21 games in the competition, and Fischer successfully challenged with a total score of 12.5 to 8.5. Fischer single-handedly defeated the Soviets, who had dominated chess history, so he became a national hero in the eyes of Americans. In 1992, Fischer became a criminal because he violated the United Nations and U.S. sanctions against Yugoslavia and went to Yugoslavia alone to play another championship return match with his old rival Boris Spassky. On September 2, Fischer won 10 wins, 5 losses and drew 15 and successfully defended the title. But a Washington grand jury quickly tried him in absentia on charges of "dealing with the enemy," and Fischer became a wanted man in the United States. In order to avoid litigation, he went into exile. In January 2005, Fischer wrote a letter to the Icelandic government, applying for Icelandic citizenship. Out of sympathy for this extraordinary genius's imprisonment, the Icelandic government granted his request. Fischer died of renal failure in a hospital in Iceland on January 18, 2008. He was 64 years old.