Calderon was born on January 17, 1600. His father was a Spanish court official. Calderon has liked to write plays since his youth. When he entered the theater world, he was influenced by the famous dramatist Lop de Vega. Most of the characters in Calderon's early comedies were Spanish aristocrats, who wore capes and swords, so this type of drama was called a "cape and sword" comedy. These scripts are realistic and brilliantly reflect social life at that time. Such as "The Hermit Lady","The Loyalty Prince", etc. However, Calderon was born into an aristocrat and a devout Catholic, so some of his plays promoted the religious concept of denying the present world and placing it in the next life. For example,"Life is a Dream" is his representative work in this regard.

In 1650, King Philip IV of Spain called Calderon to court as manager of the court theater. In order to suit the taste of aristocrats, he created some plays with the themes of describing aristocratic family disputes and safeguarding aristocratic honor. In 1640, Calderon followed Spanish cavalry to Catalonia to suppress the uprising peasant soldiers. He witnessed the army's oppression and abuse of the peasants and retired angrily. In 1642, based on his personal experience, he wrote an excellent play "The Mayor of Zalamea", which praises farmers 'resistance to aristocratic persecution.

In 1650, Calderon unfortunately lost several relatives one after another. His thoughts became more depressed and mysterious, resigned from the court and became a monk. He died in 1681.