On this day, 146 years ago, on March 10, 1879 (February 18, 1879, the first person in scientific epidemic prevention in China was born. Wu Liande, a suspected hospital during the 1922 plague epidemic in Northeast China, Wu Liande (March 10, 1879-January 21, 1960), was also known as Xinglian. His ancestral home was Xinning, Guangdong (now Taishan City). He was an epidemiologist, microbiologist and pathologist, and a pioneer in quarantine and epidemic prevention in China. In the early 20th century, he made pioneering contributions to the construction of modern medicine and medical education, public health and infectious diseases in China. He has successively presided over the establishment of 20 quarantine clinics, hospitals and research institutions, initiated the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association and founded the publication of "Chinese Medical Journal". Under his active initiative, China built its first modern hospital-Beijing Central Hospital (now Peking University People's Hospital). The first Chinese person to receive a doctor of medicine from the UK. In 1879, Wu Liande was born in Penang, Malaya, which was then part of the British Strait Colony. His ancestral home was Xinning County, Guangdong Province (now Taishan City). At the age of 14, Wu Liande was admitted to the Queen's Scholarship, but because he was too young, he was not allowed to study in the UK. The following year, Wu Liande won a scholarship again. As the only qualified person that year, he entered the door of Immanuel College, University of Cambridge, England. At the beginning, Wu Liande lived a difficult life abroad. There is very little scholarship, after deducting various living expenses such as rent, meals, and daily expenses, there is not much left. At that time, medical students in the UK were required to enter hospitals for internship since the fourth grade. Under the arrangement of the school, Wu Liande came to St. Mary's Hospital in London to intern and asked him to complete 20 midwifery tasks within one year. By the time he left St. Mary's Hospital, he had actually completed 28 delivery tasks. This year's internship gave Wu Liande the opportunity to get in touch with the lower echelons of Britain. The strong contrast with the upper class deeply touched him. In his fourth year studying in Cambridge, Wu Liande successively went to the Liverpool School of Tropical Diseases in the United Kingdom, the School of Health at the University of Halle in Germany and the Pasteur Institute in France for internship and research. At the Pasteur Institute, a "holy land" for medical research, Wu Liande was guided by many international masters. Among them, one of the mentors was British F.G.Hopkins, who won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the "vitamins" essential to the human body. The other was the Russian biologist élie Metchnikoff, who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908. He was the earliest author of the theory of intestinal probiotics. According to the British university academic system at that time, it would take seven years to read smoothly from undergraduate, internship, master's degree to obtaining a doctoral degree. Wu Liande, who studied hard at Cambridge, successfully completed his doctoral defense in just five and a half years. After graduation, Wu Liande returned to Malaya, which was still a British colony, as the first Chinese doctor of medicine in the UK. At this time, he was ambitious and bent on thinking that he could serve as a "medical officer" and apply what he had learned. However, the British Colonial Office told Wu Liande that because he was Chinese, he could at most serve as a deputy, and that the medical officer could only be a British person. This heavy blow almost plunged Wu Liande into confusion. Frustrated with his ambitions, Wu Liande came to the Kuala Lumpur Medical Research Institute to conduct research on tropical diseases. During his stay in Kuala Lumpur, Wu Liande did not live as he wished. After completing the research plan, he decided to return to Penang and open his own private clinic "Hanging Pot to Help the World". Wu Liande, who is in his early twenties, is young and energetic. He is "restless" except practicing as a doctor. He is bent on doing more things that are beneficial to society. He was active in the Chinese elite circle and met Lin Wenqing and Song Wangxiang, who also received the Queen's Scholarship to study in the UK. To this day, all three of them have been called the "Three Outstanding Chinese in the Straits". Invited by Chen Jiageng, Lin Wenqing served as president of Xiamen University for more than 20 years. Song Wangxiang, who was engaged in legal studies, became the first person to be awarded the title of British knight in Malaya. At the beginning of the 20th century, China was deeply affected by opium. Most of the opium shipped from East Indies was processed in Malaya and then shipped to China. Wu Liande organized and launched the "Penang Smoking Prohibition Association" locally to contact reputable people from all walks of life to work together to ban opium. The anti-smoking movement offended Britain and local businessmen engaged in opium processing and trafficking, and Wu Liande was framed for the first time in his life. In Wu Liande's private clinic, a small bottle of morphine was kept in the cupboard as a medical analgesic. According to regulations enacted at the time, individuals were not allowed to conceal morphine. Wu Liande argued that he was a registered doctor and that he should have kept morphine for medical treatment. The searchers said that Wu Liande did not register morphine as required. This caught Wu Liande off guard, and as a result, he was sentenced to lose the case and fined 100 yuan. In the few years he returned to Malaya, Wu Lien De was deeply aware of the racial prejudice and discrimination he suffered while in the colony. On the other hand, Wu Liande has always had a "Chinese complex" deep in his heart and looks forward to returning to the motherland one day. In the motherland,"plague fighters" shook the world. In 1905, the Qing court sent five ministers abroad to inspect constitutional government. Malaya was the only place to pass through at that time. After returning to his hometown, Wu Liande met Shi Zhaoji, a young diplomat among the members of the inspection team. After returning to China after completing an overseas inspection tour, Shi Zhaoji suggested to Yuan Shikai, who founded the Beiyang Army Medical School (renamed the Army Medical School in 1906), to invite Wu Liande to teach at the school. The Military Medical School offered generous benefits, and Wu Liande saw an opportunity to return to the motherland to display his talents. In the autumn of 1908, Wu Liande embarked on the road to return to Tianjin, where he served as deputy director (vice principal) of the Army Medical School, and began his life journey of serving the motherland. In October 1910, a severe epidemic of plague broke out in northeastern China, killing about 60,000 people. The epidemic was introduced from Siberia, passed through Hailar, Qiqihar, Harbin, and Shenyang, and quickly spread into Shandong and approached the Central Plains. Among them, the epidemic in Fujiadian (now Daowai District), Harbin, where fur traders gathered, was the most serious. The weather is cold and the earth is freezing. Wherever the epidemic reaches, mountains of coffins stretch for miles and cannot be buried. At that time, Northeast China was already a semi-colony and became the sphere of influence of Japan and Russia. Japan and Russia believed that China had no ability to quell the epidemic, so they put pressure on the Manchu government and proposed to send troops to Northeast China. As the "land of Longxing" in Northeast China, the Qing government still has certain sovereignty. The court knew that if the epidemic could not be dealt with, the sovereignty of Northeast China might be lost completely, so it dared not neglect and urged the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take over the matter. Shi Zhaoji was then the Right Prime Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He told Wu Liande about the serious epidemic in Northeast China and reported it to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Na Tong. He decided to send Wu Liande to Northeast China as an investigator of the Army Military Medical Academy to understand the epidemic. On Christmas Eve on December 24, 1910, Wu Liande arrived in Harbin with a student, carrying a microscope and some bacterial culture medium in his carry-on luggage. On the third day after arriving in Harbin, Wu Liande heard that an infected person was about to die of illness, so he hurried to the patient's home. The patient was a Japanese woman married to China. She had no way to recover and eventually died. Wu Liande secretly dissected the female patient's body and took samples from blood vessels, heart, lung lobes, etc. for bacterial culture. Soon, he saw Yersinia pestis under the microscope. After further analysis, Wu Liande confirmed that the outbreak in Northeast China was "pneumonic plague". The route of infection is not simply transmitted to humans from animal epidemics such as mice and fleas as previously thought. The transmission of droplets from person to person is the most critical method of communication. After the inspection, Wu Liande immediately put forward nine suggestions to deal with the epidemic: (1) The epidemic of pneumonic plague in Fujiadian has been fully confirmed by clinical and bacteriological tests. (2)The epidemic spreads almost entirely from person to person. The problem of rat infections can be eliminated, so all current efforts to eradicate the epidemic should focus on mobile populations and residents. (3)Strictly control railway traffic between Manzhouli and Harbin on the Siberian border. (4)Other roads and frozen rivers must be patrolled and inspected along the way. (5)In Fujiadian requisitioned buildings to set up hospitals, isolation camps. (6)Recruit more doctors and assistants from the South. (7)Local roadblocks should provide adequate funding for epidemic prevention activities. (8)Pay close attention to the Beijing-Fengcheng railway line. (9)Seek cooperation with Japan's Nanmanchuria Railway Authority and invite Russian authorities to cooperate with the China government in implementing relevant measures. Regarding droplet infection caused by person-to-person contact, people at that time did not have any protective knowledge and measures, and the epidemic of pneumonic plague was naturally very rapid. Wu Liande suggested that everyone should first do a good job in self-protection. However, in Northeast China at that time, only the Japanese sold gauze and alcohol. Therefore, Wu Liande used gauze to design a thick mask with simple sewing, which was required to be worn by all epidemic prevention personnel and residents. It was later called the "Wu's mask." Under the organization of Wu Liande, work on protection, isolation, disinfection and other epidemic areas was carried out in an orderly manner. However, after a month of efforts, the number of deaths caused by the epidemic has not dropped significantly. At this time, Wu Liande realized that the coffins stretching for miles and the bodies still on the ground would also be a terrible source of the epidemic if they were not dealt with in time. What should I do? Wu Liande proposed cremation. Under the ethical concepts of China at that time, this was a major breakthrough that was not accepted by the people. Wu Liande did not dare to make decisions easily on such a big matter, so he informed Shi Zhaoji about the matter and asked him to request the court to make a decision. After many twists and turns, on the New Year's Eve in the Old Calendar, the Regent King Zaifeng finally agreed to follow Wu Liande's method. Later, Wu Liande organized manpower to cremate all the coffins and bodies within three days, which became a pioneering work at that time. After taking a series of measures, in early March 1911, the death toll from pneumonic plague in Harbin was zero, and the epidemic was effectively controlled. Wu Liande's success quickly shook the world. Shortly after the epidemic was eradicated, the Manchu government allocated 100,000 taels of silver to invite international countries with ties to China to come to Fengtian (now Shenyang) to hold an international academic conference to discuss and summarize the plague in Northeast China. On April 3, 1911, the "Fengtian International Plague Research Conference" was held, becoming the first international academic conference held in China to be chaired by a China. Among the participants were 33 plague authorities and infectious disease experts, including Japanese doctor and bacteriologist Shibasaburo Kitasuri, who independently discovered Yersinia pestis bacteria. As the commander-in-chief in the fight against the plague, Wu Liande has become world-renowned as the "plague fighter". After that, Wu Liande teamed up with a Russian expedition team to search for the source of the plague in the wild and found that marmots widely distributed in the grasslands were the root cause of the pulmonary plague epidemic in Northeast China. After benefiting the contributions of future generations to find the source of the epidemic, Wu Liande published a series of academic articles. In 1935, Wu Liande was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine that year for his "outstanding achievements in the practice and research of pneumonic plague prevention and control and the discovery of the role of marmot in its spread." After the epidemic was eradicated, Wu Liande continued to carry out epidemic prevention in Northeast China and made many contributions to China. He initiated the establishment of the Northern Manchuria Epidemic Prevention Office, becoming the first epidemic prevention agency in China, and established a series of border quarantine systems to create an epidemic prevention system. For nearly a hundred years since the mid-19th century, China's border quarantine sovereignty has been controlled by foreigners. Wu Liande has been running to regain my country's port quarantine sovereignty. Until July 1930, the National Government established the Seaport Quarantine Management Office in Shanghai, with Wu Liande serving as director. Feeling that China had not yet established its own modern hospital at that time, Wu Liande appealed and raised funds to create the first modern hospital built by China themselves-Beijing Central Hospital (today Peking University People's Hospital). Wu Liande has established 20 hospitals, medical research institutions and epidemic prevention centers in China. In order to promote academic exchanges, Wu Liande presided over the compilation of the "Complete Report of the Three Eastern Provinces Epidemic Prevention Affairs Headquarters", which was published simultaneously in Chinese and English. The first volume was published in 1912, and a total of 7 volumes were published until 1931. In 1937, the Japanese army bombed his apartment in Shanghai, and Wu Liande returned to Penang to practice medicine. At this point, Wu Liande's 30-year career in China came to an end. During his 30 years in China, Wu Liande actively promoted the activities of the Society and promoted international academic exchanges. He actively organized the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association, served as the second president and founded the Chinese Medical Journal; He is one of the founders of the International Alliance of Microbiology Societies and the founder of the first national Microbiology Society in China. Since 1910, he has cooperated with Dr. Wang Jimin and has written "Medical History of China" for more than 20 years. It is still the only English version of medical history in my country. In 1947, the Chinese Medical Association held a meeting, and Wu Liande was invited to return to China to attend the meeting. Returning to his hometown, Wu Liande visited several units he founded. This was also the last time he set foot on the land of the mainland of China. In his later years, at the suggestion of Joseph Needham, a famous expert in the history of science and technology, Wu Liande began to write an autobiography. It took nearly eight years to make the English version of the autobiography "The Plague Fighter-The Autobiography of a Modern Chinese Physician" published by Cambridge University Press in 1959. In January 1958, Wu Liande wrote to Dr. Wang Jimin, an old friend at the History Museum of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, hoping to return to China for a sightseeing. After receiving Wang Jimin's request, the Shanghai Health Bureau reported to the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China that it believed that Wu Liande could be invited to return to China for sightseeing, and specifically requested the Ministry of Health for approval. Due to special historical reasons at that time, Wu Liande's wish to return to China for sightseeing was ultimately not realized. On January 21, 1960, Wu Liande died of heart disease at the age of 81.On this day, 146 years ago, on March 10, 1879 (February 18, 1879, the first person in scientific epidemic prevention in China was born. Wu Liande, a suspected hospital during the 1922 plague epidemic in Northeast China, Wu Liande (March 10, 1879-January 21, 1960), was also known as Xinglian. His ancestral home was Xinning, Guangdong (now Taishan City). He was an epidemiologist, microbiologist and pathologist, and a pioneer in quarantine and epidemic prevention in China. In the early 20th century, he made pioneering contributions to the construction of modern medicine and medical education, public health and infectious diseases in China. He has successively presided over the establishment of 20 quarantine clinics, hospitals and research institutions, initiated the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association and founded the publication of "Chinese Medical Journal". Under his active initiative, China built its first modern hospital-Beijing Central Hospital (now Peking University People's Hospital). The first Chinese person to receive a doctor of medicine from the UK. In 1879, Wu Liande was born in Penang, Malaya, which was then part of the British Strait Colony. His ancestral home was Xinning County, Guangdong Province (now Taishan City). At the age of 14, Wu Liande was admitted to the Queen's Scholarship, but because he was too young, he was not allowed to study in the UK. The following year, Wu Liande won a scholarship again. As the only qualified person that year, he entered the door of Immanuel College, University of Cambridge, England. At the beginning, Wu Liande lived a difficult life abroad. There is very little scholarship, after deducting various living expenses such as rent, meals, and daily expenses, there is not much left. At that time, medical students in the UK were required to enter hospitals for internship since the fourth grade. Under the arrangement of the school, Wu Liande came to St. Mary's Hospital in London to intern and asked him to complete 20 midwifery tasks within one year. By the time he left St. Mary's Hospital, he had actually completed 28 delivery tasks. This year's internship gave Wu Liande the opportunity to get in touch with the lower echelons of Britain. The strong contrast with the upper class deeply touched him. In his fourth year studying in Cambridge, Wu Liande successively went to the Liverpool School of Tropical Diseases in the United Kingdom, the School of Health at the University of Halle in Germany and the Pasteur Institute in France for internship and research. At the Pasteur Institute, a "holy land" for medical research, Wu Liande was guided by many international masters. Among them, one of the mentors was British F.G.Hopkins, who won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the "vitamins" essential to the human body. The other was the Russian biologist élie Metchnikoff, who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908. He was the earliest author of the theory of intestinal probiotics. According to the British university academic system at that time, it would take seven years to read smoothly from undergraduate, internship, master's degree to obtaining a doctoral degree. Wu Liande, who studied hard at Cambridge, successfully completed his doctoral defense in just five and a half years. After graduation, Wu Liande returned to Malaya, which was still a British colony, as the first Chinese doctor of medicine in the UK. At this time, he was ambitious and bent on thinking that he could serve as a "medical officer" and apply what he had learned. However, the British Colonial Office told Wu Liande that because he was Chinese, he could at most serve as a deputy, and that the medical officer could only be a British person. This heavy blow almost plunged Wu Liande into confusion. Frustrated with his ambitions, Wu Liande came to the Kuala Lumpur Medical Research Institute to conduct research on tropical diseases. During his stay in Kuala Lumpur, Wu Liande did not live as he wished. After completing the research plan, he decided to return to Penang and open his own private clinic "Hanging Pot to Help the World". Wu Liande, who is in his early twenties, is young and energetic. He is "restless" except practicing as a doctor. He is bent on doing more things that are beneficial to society. He was active in the Chinese elite circle and met Lin Wenqing and Song Wangxiang, who also received the Queen's Scholarship to study in the UK. To this day, all three of them have been called the "Three Outstanding Chinese in the Straits". Invited by Chen Jiageng, Lin Wenqing served as president of Xiamen University for more than 20 years. Song Wangxiang, who was engaged in legal studies, became the first person to be awarded the title of British knight in Malaya. At the beginning of the 20th century, China was deeply affected by opium. Most of the opium shipped from East Indies was processed in Malaya and then shipped to China. Wu Liande organized and launched the "Penang Smoking Prohibition Association" locally to contact reputable people from all walks of life to work together to ban opium. The anti-smoking movement offended Britain and local businessmen engaged in opium processing and trafficking, and Wu Liande was framed for the first time in his life. In Wu Liande's private clinic, a small bottle of morphine was kept in the cupboard as a medical analgesic. According to regulations enacted at the time, individuals were not allowed to conceal morphine. Wu Liande argued that he was a registered doctor and that he should have kept morphine for medical treatment. The searchers said that Wu Liande did not register morphine as required. This caught Wu Liande off guard, and as a result, he was sentenced to lose the case and fined 100 yuan. In the few years he returned to Malaya, Wu Lien De was deeply aware of the racial prejudice and discrimination he suffered while in the colony. On the other hand, Wu Liande has always had a "Chinese complex" deep in his heart and looks forward to returning to the motherland one day. In the motherland,"plague fighters" shook the world. In 1905, the Qing court sent five ministers abroad to inspect constitutional government. Malaya was the only place to pass through at that time. After returning to his hometown, Wu Liande met Shi Zhaoji, a young diplomat among the members of the inspection team. After returning to China after completing an overseas inspection tour, Shi Zhaoji suggested to Yuan Shikai, who founded the Beiyang Army Medical School (renamed the Army Medical School in 1906), to invite Wu Liande to teach at the school. The Military Medical School offered generous benefits, and Wu Liande saw an opportunity to return to the motherland to display his talents. In the autumn of 1908, Wu Liande embarked on the road to return to Tianjin, where he served as deputy director (vice principal) of the Army Medical School, and began his life journey of serving the motherland. In October 1910, a severe epidemic of plague broke out in northeastern China, killing about 60,000 people. The epidemic was introduced from Siberia, passed through Hailar, Qiqihar, Harbin, and Shenyang, and quickly spread into Shandong and approached the Central Plains. Among them, the epidemic in Fujiadian (now Daowai District), Harbin, where fur traders gathered, was the most serious. The weather is cold and the earth is freezing. Wherever the epidemic reaches, mountains of coffins stretch for miles and cannot be buried. At that time, Northeast China was already a semi-colony and became the sphere of influence of Japan and Russia. Japan and Russia believed that China had no ability to quell the epidemic, so they put pressure on the Manchu government and proposed to send troops to Northeast China. As the "land of Longxing" in Northeast China, the Qing government still has certain sovereignty. The court knew that if the epidemic could not be dealt with, the sovereignty of Northeast China might be lost completely, so it dared not neglect and urged the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take over the matter. Shi Zhaoji was then the Right Prime Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He told Wu Liande about the serious epidemic in Northeast China and reported it to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Na Tong. He decided to send Wu Liande to Northeast China as an investigator of the Army Military Medical Academy to understand the epidemic. On Christmas Eve on December 24, 1910, Wu Liande arrived in Harbin with a student, carrying a microscope and some bacterial culture medium in his carry-on luggage. On the third day after arriving in Harbin, Wu Liande heard that an infected person was about to die of illness, so he hurried to the patient's home. The patient was a Japanese woman married to China. She had no way to recover and eventually died. Wu Liande secretly dissected the female patient's body and took samples from blood vessels, heart, lung lobes, etc. for bacterial culture. Soon, he saw Yersinia pestis under the microscope. After further analysis, Wu Liande confirmed that the outbreak in Northeast China was "pneumonic plague". The route of infection is not simply transmitted to humans from animal epidemics such as mice and fleas as previously thought. The transmission of droplets from person to person is the most critical method of communication. After the inspection, Wu Liande immediately put forward nine suggestions to deal with the epidemic: (1) The epidemic of pneumonic plague in Fujiadian has been fully confirmed by clinical and bacteriological tests. (2)The epidemic spreads almost entirely from person to person. The problem of rat infections can be eliminated, so all current efforts to eradicate the epidemic should focus on mobile populations and residents. (3)Strictly control railway traffic between Manzhouli and Harbin on the Siberian border. (4)Other roads and frozen rivers must be patrolled and inspected along the way. (5)In Fujiadian requisitioned buildings to set up hospitals, isolation camps. (6)Recruit more doctors and assistants from the South. (7)Local roadblocks should provide adequate funding for epidemic prevention activities. (8)Pay close attention to the Beijing-Fengcheng railway line. (9)Seek cooperation with Japan's Nanmanchuria Railway Authority and invite Russian authorities to cooperate with the China government in implementing relevant measures. Regarding droplet infection caused by person-to-person contact, people at that time did not have any protective knowledge and measures, and the epidemic of pneumonic plague was naturally very rapid. Wu Liande suggested that everyone should first do a good job in self-protection. However, in Northeast China at that time, only the Japanese sold gauze and alcohol. Therefore, Wu Liande used gauze to design a thick mask with simple sewing, which was required to be worn by all epidemic prevention personnel and residents. It was later called the "Wu's mask." Under the organization of Wu Liande, work on protection, isolation, disinfection and other epidemic areas was carried out in an orderly manner. However, after a month of efforts, the number of deaths caused by the epidemic has not dropped significantly. At this time, Wu Liande realized that the coffins stretching for miles and the bodies still on the ground would also be a terrible source of the epidemic if they were not dealt with in time. What should I do? Wu Liande proposed cremation. Under the ethical concepts of China at that time, this was a major breakthrough that was not accepted by the people. Wu Liande did not dare to make decisions easily on such a big matter, so he informed Shi Zhaoji about the matter and asked him to request the court to make a decision. After many twists and turns, on the New Year's Eve in the Old Calendar, the Regent King Zaifeng finally agreed to follow Wu Liande's method. Later, Wu Liande organized manpower to cremate all the coffins and bodies within three days, which became a pioneering work at that time. After taking a series of measures, in early March 1911, the death toll from pneumonic plague in Harbin was zero, and the epidemic was effectively controlled. Wu Liande's success quickly shook the world. Shortly after the epidemic was eradicated, the Manchu government allocated 100,000 taels of silver to invite international countries with ties to China to come to Fengtian (now Shenyang) to hold an international academic conference to discuss and summarize the plague in Northeast China. On April 3, 1911, the "Fengtian International Plague Research Conference" was held, becoming the first international academic conference held in China to be chaired by a China. Among the participants were 33 plague authorities and infectious disease experts, including Japanese doctor and bacteriologist Shibasaburo Kitasuri, who independently discovered Yersinia pestis bacteria. As the commander-in-chief in the fight against the plague, Wu Liande has become world-renowned as the "plague fighter". After that, Wu Liande teamed up with a Russian expedition team to search for the source of the plague in the wild and found that marmots widely distributed in the grasslands were the root cause of the pulmonary plague epidemic in Northeast China. After benefiting the contributions of future generations to find the source of the epidemic, Wu Liande published a series of academic articles. In 1935, Wu Liande was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine that year for his "outstanding achievements in the practice and research of pneumonic plague prevention and control and the discovery of the role of marmot in its spread." After the epidemic was eradicated, Wu Liande continued to carry out epidemic prevention in Northeast China and made many contributions to China. He initiated the establishment of the Northern Manchuria Epidemic Prevention Office, becoming the first epidemic prevention agency in China, and established a series of border quarantine systems to create an epidemic prevention system. For nearly a hundred years since the mid-19th century, China's border quarantine sovereignty has been controlled by foreigners. Wu Liande has been running to regain my country's port quarantine sovereignty. Until July 1930, the National Government established the Seaport Quarantine Management Office in Shanghai, with Wu Liande serving as director. Feeling that China had not yet established its own modern hospital at that time, Wu Liande appealed and raised funds to create the first modern hospital built by China themselves-Beijing Central Hospital (today Peking University People's Hospital). Wu Liande has established 20 hospitals, medical research institutions and epidemic prevention centers in China. In order to promote academic exchanges, Wu Liande presided over the compilation of the "Complete Report of the Three Eastern Provinces Epidemic Prevention Affairs Headquarters", which was published simultaneously in Chinese and English. The first volume was published in 1912, and a total of 7 volumes were published until 1931. In 1937, the Japanese army bombed his apartment in Shanghai, and Wu Liande returned to Penang to practice medicine. At this point, Wu Liande's 30-year career in China came to an end. During his 30 years in China, Wu Liande actively promoted the activities of the Society and promoted international academic exchanges. He actively organized the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association, served as the second president and founded the Chinese Medical Journal; He is one of the founders of the International Alliance of Microbiology Societies and the founder of the first national Microbiology Society in China. Since 1910, he has cooperated with Dr. Wang Jimin and has written "Medical History of China" for more than 20 years. It is still the only English version of medical history in my country. In 1947, the Chinese Medical Association held a meeting, and Wu Liande was invited to return to China to attend the meeting. Returning to his hometown, Wu Liande visited several units he founded. This was also the last time he set foot on the land of the mainland of China. In his later years, at the suggestion of Joseph Needham, a famous expert in the history of science and technology, Wu Liande began to write an autobiography. It took nearly eight years to make the English version of the autobiography "The Plague Fighter-The Autobiography of a Modern Chinese Physician" published by Cambridge University Press in 1959. In January 1958, Wu Liande wrote to Dr. Wang Jimin, an old friend at the History Museum of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, hoping to return to China for a sightseeing. After receiving Wang Jimin's request, the Shanghai Health Bureau reported to the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China that it believed that Wu Liande could be invited to return to China for sightseeing, and specifically requested the Ministry of Health for approval. Due to special historical reasons at that time, Wu Liande's wish to return to China for sightseeing was ultimately not realized. On January 21, 1960, Wu Liande died of heart disease at the age of 81.