On this day, 233 years ago, April 20, 1792 (March 29, 1792 in the lunar calendar), France declared war on Austria. On June 20, 1791, Louis XVI's failed escape and arrest intensified the French people's fear of foreign interference and intensified the hostility of European monarchs towards the Republic. On April 20, 1792, France declared war on Austria; in August, the allied forces of Austria and Prussia marched on Paris, demanding the restoration of the freedom and rule of Louis XVI. The survival of the Republic was once in crisis. However, on September 20, the temporarily organized French army, relying on its high enthusiasm for "defending the Republic," unexpectedly defeated the well-trained Prussian army in the Battle of Varmi, turning the unfavorable situation around. On January 21, 1793, the French National Trade Union executed Louis XVI for treason. The action angered almost all monarchs in Europe. Britain, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, as well as the German and Italian states all joined the Anti-French Alliance, and the Republic once again faced crisis. General Cano made major reforms to the French military system, introducing universal conscription across the country, and all adult French joined the military. Military reform also includes: on-site supply solutions and mixed formation of multiple arms. Tactical improvements include: the use of infantry columns instead of infantry horizontal columns to facilitate rapid mobility; the extensive use of skirmishes; and the large-scale concentrated use of artillery. The reformed French army became an army capable of competing with the professional armies of European countries. France and the Anti-French Alliance have been engaged in a tug-of-war on various fronts for many years. On January 14, 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte commanded the French army to win a decisive victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Rivoli, and Austria was forced to negotiate. France won the first anti-French alliance.