67 years ago today, on October 5, 1958 (August 23, 1958 lunar calendar), the French Fifth Republic was proclaimed. De Gaulle was among the masses. In the 12 years since the establishment of the French Fourth Republic in 1946, the government has been weak, the cabinet has changed frequently, and it has been caught in the Algerian War. Gradually, it has fallen into crisis. On May 13, 1958, Jacques Marsh, the leader of the French colonial army, and others took advantage of the people's dissatisfaction with the government to launch a rebellion in Algeria. On May 25, anti-government riots also broke out in southern France, demanding that de Gaulle come out and seize power. De Gaulle declared that he was ready to take over the rights of the republic. On the 29th, President Coty invited de Gaulle to form a cabinet. On June 1, de Gaulle became the new prime minister. After de Gaulle came to power, he first amended the constitution and carried out reforms of the national system. He appointed a working committee headed by Debray to prepare a new draft constitution. On September 4, the 88th anniversary of the overthrow of the Second Reich, de Gaulle read the new draft constitution to the people at the Place de la République. On September 28, a referendum was held, and 80% of the people were in favor of the new constitution. On October 5, the French Fifth Republic was proclaimed. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic stipulates that: The legislative power belongs to the National Assembly and the Senate. The term of office of the members of the National Assembly is 5 years. The Senate is re-elected for one-third of each year. The powers of the parliament are reduced. The period for the parliament to discuss the budget is 70 days. The power of the president is expanded. The term of office is 7 years. It is elected by an electoral college composed of members of the parliament and representatives of the regions, overseas territories and local councils. As the head of state and the supreme commander of the three armed forces, the president has the The president can instruct the parliament to discuss passed bills again, has the power to order a referendum, can dissolve the parliament after consultation with the prime minister and the presidents of the two houses, and can declare a state of emergency in case of emergency. The cabinet can only fall if the National Assembly and the Senate pass the impeachment of the government by an overwhelming majority. In this way, France has changed from a parliamentary republic to a semi-parliamentary and semi-presidential republic, and the president is in power, ensuring political stability in France and ending the state of weak government. Elections to the National Assembly were held in November, and the Alliance for the Defense of the New Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was elected president in December. On January 8, 1959, de Gaulle officially took office as the first president of the Fifth Republic. After that, ministers were gradually replaced, and politicians were replaced by civilian and technical personnel, forming a civilian system. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic also provides for the establishment of a new French Community to replace the French Federation. France granted independence to Algeria in 1961, and all territories in Africa except Somalia declared independence in 1960. France can only maintain relations with these countries through bilateral agreements and economic assistance. After the establishment of the Fifth Republic, France's economy has developed greatly, the political situation has remained stable, and it pursues an independent nationalist policy externally. It is committed to cooperation with the countries of the European Community and the establishment of good relations with socialist countries and the Third World. De Gaulle drives to inspect