Abbasid Caliphate Guard (painting)

The Abbasid Dynasty (750 - 1258), a dynasty of the Caliphate and the second hereditary dynasty of the Arab Empire. Because the flag of the Abbasid Dynasty was still black, China historical books called the Dynasty a "black food." The Abbas period was the golden age of Arabia, lasting for more than 500 years.

In 747, Abu Muslim (reigned 750-754), a slave, led the Khorasan people in an uprising. In 750, he overthrew the nearly 90-year rule of the Umayyad Dynasty and established the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), with the capital of Kufa. In 751, the Arab Empire defeated the army of the Chinese Tang Dynasty Anxi Jiedu in the Battle of Talos in Central Asia and controlled most of Central Asia. In 762, he moved to the new capital of Baghdad. Until 1258, he was destroyed by the Mongol army led by Hulagu.

Hulagu (1217 - February 8, 1265), a Mongolian, grandson of Genghis Khan, son of Tuolei, brother of Kublai Khan, Mungo, and Ali Buge, was born to Tuolei's wife, Ruheteni. Hulagu was the founder of the Ilkhanate and the conqueror of Southwest Asia. Although the Ilkhanate lasted for a short time, its appearance completely changed the course of Western Asian history.

In 1251, Mungo won the throne of the Great Khan at the meeting of princes, and he actively planned for further expansion. Kublai Khan was in charge of Chinese affairs, and Hulagu became the commander of the western army. In 1252, with the timid Buhua as the vanguard, he led 12,000 men in the western expedition. The Abbasid dynasty had been passed down for 36 generations and 508 years because it was good at dealing with various invading forces and preserving its position as at least the Muslim religious leader. But this time, Caliph Mustasin's attitude towards Hulagu was very arrogant, which made him the last caliph. Hulagu first flooded the main army and commander of the caliph with water, and then forced the caliph to abandon the city with a wonderful siege. A historic massacre unfolded. Hundreds of thousands of residents were killed, the city of Baghdad, with 500 years of cultural accumulation, was devastated, and the caliph himself was trampled to death. In 1264, Hulagu accepted the canonization of Kublai Khan and became the Il Khan, and the country he established became the Il Khanate of the four major Mongolian khanates (Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate, Wokodai Khanate).

Arab-ruled areas around 732 AD