Thirty-five years ago today, on April 24, 1990 (March 29, 1990 lunar calendar), the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into space aboard NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery. On April 24, 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into space aboard NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery, embarking on its great career of cosmic exploration. During its legendary 29-year career, Hubble has presented us with a series of wonders that have changed our understanding of the universe. Among these stunning photos, "Hubble Deep Field" is undoubtedly the most fascinating, because it is moved from the deepest part of the universe! The Hubble Space Telescope Hubble Deep Field (HDF), also known as "Hubble Deep Space", is a region in the depths of the universe photographed by Hubble. On December 18, 1995, the Hubble Space Telescope looked out into the depths of the universe in a direction. It was an empty region - no bright stars, no massive galaxies or clusters, no beautiful nebulae, just a dead darkness. In the yellow box below, this is the area that Hubble was looking at: Hubble was looking at this area. Hubble patiently stared at this area for a minute, an hour, a day... until December 28, 1995. Over 10 days of observation, Hubble used the "universe-changing" camera, WFPC2, to take 342 images of this area, and finally synthesized the stunning "Hubble Deep Field". It turns out that behind the dead, there is such a wealth of information! Every bright spot in the "Hubble Deep Field" is almost a galaxy deep in the universe (except for about 6 dark stars), and we have discovered thousands of new galaxies in the universe. Some of these galaxies are only a few million light-years away, while others are tens of billions of light-years away. All this shows an amazing fact - our universe contains at least hundreds of billions of galaxies! A few years later, Hubble put on a more advanced camera to take another look at the depths of the universe. From September 24, 2003 to January 16, 2004, Hubble observed a small region of the Fornax over a period of nearly four months. After 800 exposures, the following "Hubble Ultra Deep Field", which shows the deeper universe, was synthesized. The amount of information contained in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) is staggering, including about 10,000 different galaxies. The oldest of these starlight dates back 13 billion years, which is incredible. On the road to exploring the universe, Hubble has always been on the road. On September 25, 2012, NASA released another Hubble-synthesized image of the deeper universe - "Hubble Extreme Deep Field". Hubble Extreme Deep Field (XDF) is a composite of more than 2,000 photos. It is the deepest image of the universe known to us, dating back to galaxies 13.20 billion years ago. All of this is from the deepest part of the universe! You know, these photons carry ancient information, traveling through the universe for tens of billions of years, and finally coming to us. What's even more amazing is that all this we can see is just the tip of the iceberg within the light cone. There are countless information flying towards us at the speed of light, but we are still outside the light cone of these events... Finally, Happy 29th Birthday to Hubble! Thank you for bringing us this inexplicable touch! On April 24, 1990, the space shuttle Discovery launched from the Kennedy Center in the United States, sending the Hubble Space Telescope into low-Earth orbit. Although the telescope suffered from blurry vision in its first few years, after many repairs and maintenance, Hubble has become the most famous and important telescope ever built, changing much of our understanding of the universe, not to mention many of the beautiful space photos that have become classics. Now, let's celebrate its 29th anniversary with a set of Hubble Space Telescope images. Jupiter and its Great Red Spot Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. The atmosphere of this gas giant is characterized by complex activity, including relatively moving cloud bands and hundreds of swirling storms, large and small. The largest storm, known as the Jupiter Great Red Spot, has been around since it was discovered in 1632. Hubble found that the long axis of Jupiter's Great Red Spot is shrinking at a rate of 930 kilometers per year, and its shape is gradually changing from oval to round. At this rate, the Great Red Spot will become perfectly round in 4 years. Saturn, its rings and its moon Saturn have beautiful rings. Every 15 years or so, Saturn's rings face us sideways, sometimes almost disappearing. In this photo taken on February 24, 2009, Saturn's rings are almost facing us. Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is passing in front of Saturn and casting its shadow on the planet's surface. If you look carefully, you can also find the white moon of Titan and its tiny shadow on the surface of Saturn. The Orion Nebula, 1,300 light-years away, is the closest star-forming region to Earth, where thousands of stars are being born. The Hubble image shows many details in this nebula, revealing the complex interactions between newly massive stars and the dust and gas around them. The Horsehead Nebula is one of the most iconic dark nebulae in astronomy. In visible light, it obscures the starlight behind it, leaving behind a black silhouette that resembles a horse's head. The Hubble image, which can see through the opaque dust, offers a new perspective on the Horsehead Nebula. Planetary Nebula NGC 5189 is a brief stage in the near death of a medium-sized star similar to the Sun. When a dying star is running out of fuel in its core, it throws out most of its outer material, which is then illuminated by ultraviolet radiation from the stellar debris. NGC 5189, 1,800 light-years from Earth, is a good example of an extremely complex structure. The Hubble image helped astronomers build a three-dimensional model of this type of nebula. The cat's eye nebula is one of the first planetary nebulae to be discovered, and the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed the astonishingly complex structure of them. Using this image and a series of subsequent observations, astronomers have recreated the complex evolution of the dying star in its final stages of life. Planetary nebula NGC 6302, 3,800 light-years from Earth, is sometimes called the Butterfly Nebula. The wings of this space butterfly are actually hot gas with a wingspan of more than 2 light-years at a temperature of more than 20,000 degrees Celsius. Hubble's images reveal the history of the gas ejected by the dying star that is not visible in the center of the nebula. The dust pillar in the Monkey's Head Nebula is a star-forming region about 6,400 light-years from Earth. The Hubble infrared image shows only a small part of the "eye" part of the Monkey Head Nebula. Massive, newly formed stars in the center of the nebula have dispersed the dust in the nebula, and their ultraviolet radiation has carved huge pillars into the dust. The Crab Nebula is the remnant of the supernova Tianguan star that appeared in 1054, 6,500 light-years from Earth. This Hubble puzzle is the clearest picture of the Crab Nebula to date. At the center of the nebula is a neutron star of the mass of the sun, only 19 kilometers in diameter, rotating at a high speed of 30 revolutions per second. The Carina Nebula, 7,500 light-years from Earth, is a large cloud of gas and dust, where the birth and death of stars are played out. Hubble's images show the startling details of star birth. The core of the Omega Centauri cluster, Omega Centauri, is the largest of about 150 globular clusters in the Milky Way, 17,000 light-years from Earth and contains nearly 10 million stars. Hubble observed the cluster's densest core. The rich colors of these stars reveal a lot about themselves. Using Hubble images taken at different times, astronomers have measured the motions of more than 100,000 of these stars. V838 Monoceros Hubble captured a halo of light surrounding the variable star V838 Monoceros. The variable star briefly brightened in January 2002, at one point reaching 600,000 times the luminosity of the Sun. Such bright starlight travels outward, illuminating the dust cloud around the variable star from near to far, giving rise to a phenomenon known as a lightecho. Hubble has observed it for several years in a row, witnessing the entire process of this loop of light appearing, spreading and disappearing.