On this day 102 years ago, on January 1, 1923 (November 15, 1922 in the lunar calendar), Peng Pai served as the president of the Haifeng County Farmers' Association. Peng Pai's statue of Hailufeng Farmers' Movement Leader Peng Pai On January 1, 1923, the Agricultural Association was established in Haifeng County, Guangdong, and Peng Pai served as the president. Peng Pai was one of the early important leaders of the Communist Party of China and an outstanding peasant leader. In his early years, he traveled to Japan to study and actively participated in the patriotic movement. Soon after returning to China, he took off his student clothes, changed into coarse cloth clothes, and wore a bamboo hat. He went deep into the countryside and was determined to engage in the peasant movement. He was praised as the "peasant king" by Guangdong farmers. Peng Pai (1896-1929) was a native of Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. In 1918 He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in May 1921 and became a member of the Communist Party of China in April 1924. At the same time, he went to Guangzhou to lead the peasant movement and founded the Guangzhou peasant movement workshop. He was the director of the first and fifth agricultural lectures and the backbone teacher of the agricultural lectures. He was known as the "King of the peasant movement". On August 24, 1929, he was arrested for betrayal by a traitor and died heroically on the 30th. Peng Pai: A rich returnee turned into a "King of Agricultural Transport" Extended reading: Peng Pai's rich returnee turned into a "King of Agricultural Transport" Extended reading: Peng Pai's rich returnee turned into a "King of Agricultural Transport" On August 24, 1929, when my father Peng Pai presided over a meeting of the Jiangsu Provincial Military Commission in Building 12, Jingyuanli, Xinzha Road, Shanghai, he was arrested for whistleblowing. On August 30, he died heroically in Longhua, Shanghai. That year, I was only 4 years old, and my younger brother was less than 2 years old. Although the details of my father's life with us can no longer be remembered, the spirit of selfless dedication and courage of the older generation of Communists for the independence of the Chinese nation and the prosperity and strength of the Chinese people has always inspired us. His father was born into a large landowner's family in Haifeng, Guangdong, with "fields where crows cannot fly". He described his family in his book "Haifeng Peasant Movement": "The annual income is about 1,000 stone rents, and there are no less than 1,500 farmers, men, women and children under the jurisdiction. There are no more than 30 men, women and children in my family, and each person has an average of 50 farmers as slaves." Although the family was rich, my father saw that the country was poor and backward, the nation was weak and bullied, and the farmers were at the bottom of the exploitation and oppression. In search of a good medicine to save the country and the people, my father was admitted to the Department of Political Economy of Waseda University in Japan in 1918. He told his friend Lu Jingzhi: "I chose this kind of major in order to study the political economy of our country in the future and to reform with ambition." At that time, socialist theory was flourishing in Japan, and Waseda University was the first place to spread socialism in Japan. Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and others also studied here. There, he began to eagerly study Marx and the Russian October Revolution, and finally chose to use Marxism as a guide to change Chinese society, establish socialism, and realize communism as his ideal and career. After his father graduated and returned to China, he began to practice his ideals in his hometown. He took advantage of the opportunity of serving as the director of Haifeng Education to vigorously rectify education, hiring progressive students as principals and teachers, advocating education for the working class, promoting the popularization of rural education, and founding the "Socialist Research Society". People like him were naturally not tolerated in the officialdom at that time. Soon, he resigned and began to turn his time and attention to the vast countryside, "determined to go to the countryside to do practical sports." At the beginning of returning the land to the people to create the red regime, he wore a student's uniform and a white hat to contact the farmers. People thought he was an official who came to collect donations and forced debts, and they all hid far away. So he put on coarse cloth clothes, donned a pointed hat, and walked on the muddy path to the village to talk to the farmers and make friends. He also helped the farmers pull weeds, cart water, and pound rice, and propagated revolutionary principles while working. In July 1922, he established the first peasant association in Haifeng, the six-person peasant association. The father's practice of ideals was selfless and thorough. He burned the deed of his own land in public and returned all the land to the peasants. The fourth young master of the landlord's family became a complete proletarian. Infected by him, his third brother, seventh brother, wife and nephew later became strong fighters of the proletarian vanguard. He fought for the rights and education of farmers, and also ran a farmer's medicine house in the county seat. Farmers see a doctor with a membership card of the peasant association, no consultation fee, and half the cost of medicine. The peasant brothers called him "Peng Bodhisattva". Just five months later, the membership of Haifeng peasant association has reached more than 20,000 households. On January 1, 1923, the General Farmers' Association of Haifeng County was established. My father drafted the articles of association of the peasant association and put forward the struggle program of the General Farmers' Association, which "planned the transformation of farmers' lives, the development of agriculture, the autonomy of farmers, and the popularization of peasant education." The peasant associations soon spread throughout Guangdong Province. In the spring of 1924, my father became a member of the Communist Party of China. According to the arrangement of the party organization, he served as the secretary of the peasant department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. On June 30 of the same year, the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee decided to open the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop on the proposal of my father. My father served as the director of the first agricultural workshop and concurrently served as a teacher in the second, third, and fourth agricultural workshops. On September 14, 1925, my father served as the director of the 5th Agricultural Lecture Institute, and the recruitment scope of this class of students was expanded to 8 provinces across the country. In May 1926, Mao Zedong hosted the 6th Peasant Movement Lecture Institute in Guangzhou. My father taught the students "The Living Conditions of the Peasants in the Dongjiang River and the Experience of Launching the Peasant Movement", and put forward 12 points of attention for the peasant movement, including "We must endure hardship, be loyal, be brave, and be guided by the Party." Mao Zedong included the book "Haifeng Peasant Movement Report" written by my father in the "Peasant Issues Series", and pointed out in the preface that Peng Pai's work and other materials on the Guangdong peasant movement "are the most quintessential part of this book", which is stipulated as a must-read textbook for the students of the Agricultural Lecture Institute. In 1926, the number of members of Haifeng County's peasant association reached 250,000, accounting for 65% of the county's total population. Haifeng had a climate of political clarity, low prices, no pick-up roads, landlords did not dare to collect rents, farmers harvested for themselves, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. After an interview with Young Pioneer reporter Yang Baijian, he called Haifeng "Little Moscow" in the East. On August 1, 1927, his father, a member of the Central Committee of Former Enemies, led the Nanchang Uprising together with Zhou Enlai and others. At the Eighty-seventh Session of the Party, he was elected as a member of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and then went south to Chaoshan with the army to serve as the commander-in-chief of the Dongjiang Workers and Peasants Self-Defense Army, and went to the front line to participate in the war. On November 21, 1927, China's first red Soviet regime was established in On August 24, 1929, because the traitor Bai Xin informed the enemy, his father was arrested by the Imperialist Concession Industry Bureau colluding with the Kuomintang reactionaries. At the same time, Yang Yin, Yan Changyi, Xing Shizhen, Zhang Jichun and others were arrested. On the night of their arrest, Zhou Enlai held an emergency meeting to try to rescue them, but the timing was delayed and they failed. On August 30, the enemy tortured his father, breaking both of his legs. At the last moment of his life, with Yang Yin and others' infinite loyalty to the party, he wrote a final letter to Zhou Enlai and the Party Central Committee, asking the party organization to stop the rescue, so that "brothers should not be sad because of the sacrifice of brother and others. Hope to take care of your health!" That afternoon, the dying father gave his clothes to his friends and gave an impassioned final speech. After that, they sang "Internationale", shouted slogans such as "Down with imperialism" and "Long live the Communist Party of China", and walked firmly and calmly to the execution ground. After the failure of the Haifeng Soviet regime, the Kuomintang implemented a policy of cutting down the grass and roots. My father's ancestral home was burned by the enemy, and the Kuomintang searched everywhere for relatives of the Peng family. My eldest brother Peng Ganren and I, as well as my newborn brother Chi Hong (later named Peng Hong), were both anonymous and hidden by the common people. In 1928, my mother Cai Suping (then director of the Haifeng Soviet Women's Association) was unfortunately arrested. The enemy used wire to penetrate her breasts, but she never handed over the list of members of the peasant association organization. In September, my mother was executed by the enemy. Around this time, my father's third brother Peng Hanyuan, second brother Peng Dawu, and nephew Peng Lu sacrificed their lives for the revolutionary cause one after another; my father's seventh brother Peng Shu, his wife, and his comrade Xu Bing also died in the battle of Dananshan. In 1930, my seventh aunt brought me quietly to Hong Kong, and we lived with my grandmother by sticking matchboxes. Six months later, the party organization asked my seventh uncle to send me to Chao'an. At that time, the Kuomintang engaged in "Five Guarantees Joint Defense", and the poor farmers in Chao'an and Jinsha Township risked beheading me and moved me from one house to another. From the age of 4 to 8, I ate a hundred family meals, wore a hundred family clothes, and had a hundred family surnames. In the Chao'an area alone, I had more than 20 "fathers" and "mothers". When I was 8 years old, my "aunt" Pan Shunzhen and I were both arrested and imprisoned. In prison, we met my "hilltop aunt" who had protected me. After three years in prison, they never said that I was Peng Pai's son. Zhou Enlai said: "I finally found you!" After the party organization assisted my grandmother in rescuing me from prison, I was taken to Hong Kong to study and temporarily lived in the family of Peng Zemin, a loyal friend of the Communist Party and a democrat. During the holiday, Ke Lin, an underground party member who was in one-way contact with Zhou Enlai, took me to Macau. One day Ke Lin suddenly came to me and asked me to prepare to go to Yan'an. I changed my name to Peng Shilu as needed. A few of them took me to Guilin and handed me over to He Zizhen's sister, He Yi. Later, when we arrived in Chongqing, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao came to see us. Zhou Enlai's first words when he saw me were: "Child, I finally found you!" He stroked my head and said, "Your father and I are good friends." He told me: "When you arrive in Yan'an, you must obey the organization's arrangements, inherit the legacy of the martyrs, study hard, and participate in the revolutionary struggle." At the end of 1940, my party arrived in Yan'an. In Yan'an, I had several mothers: Cai Chang's mother, Shuai Mengqi's mother, Deng Yingchao's mother, and Aunt He Yi, all of whom were very kind to me. In the big family of Yan'an, as an orphan, I feel very warm. Since 1951, I have studied in the Department of Chemical Mechanics of Kazan Institute of Chemical Technology and Moscow Institute of Power in the Soviet Union. (Peng Pai's granddaughter Peng Yina is based on Peng Shilu's recollections) According to the author's resume of Xinmin Evening News, the second son of Peng Shilu, a martyr, was born in November 1925. The first batch of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, nuclear power expert, the first chief designer of China's first-generation nuclear submarines, and the main designer and leader of China's nuclear power plants. Now he is a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a consultant to the China Nuclear Industry group company. He used to serve as the vice minister and chief engineer of the Sixth Ministry of Machinery, the vice minister of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, the chief engineer, and the chief engineer of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry He is a representative of the 11th, 12th and 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress, and a member of the Environmental Protection Committee of the National People's Congress.