113 years ago today, on January 1, 1912 (November 13, 1911 in the lunar calendar), Sun Yat-sen took office as the provisional president of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen took office as the provisional president of the Republic of China on October 10, 1911. The Wuchang Uprising broke out in the 1911 Revolution. At that time, Sun Yat-sen was abroad. Later, he learned the news of the victory of the Wuchang Uprising in American newspapers, that is, detoured to Britain and France to win diplomatic support. On December 25, Sun Yat-sen returned to China and arrived in Shanghai. Later, the representatives of the provinces in Nanjing elected Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president of the Republic of China. On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president in Nanjing, announcing the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China. The era of the Republic of China was changed to the Gregorian calendar. Sun Yat-sen said in his inaugural declaration of the interim president that he must "wipe out the poison of autocracy, determine the republic, and improve people's livelihood, so as to achieve the purpose of the revolution and fulfill the volunteers of the people." "After the establishment of the provisional government, it should fulfill the obligations of a civilized country, so as to enjoy the rights of a civilized country." The provisional government wants to wash away the "humiliating measures" of the reactionary government of the Qing Dynasty. In the provisional government of the Republic of China formed by Sun Yat-sen, the revolutionaries have an absolute advantage, but they have also absorbed some old bureaucrats and constitutionalists. Among the nine ministers of state, there are three members of the alliance. They are Huang Xing, the chief of the army general staff, Wang Fenghui, the foreign minister, and Cai Yuanpei, the chief of education. Among the remaining six ministers of state, there are two old bureaucrats, two constitutionalists, and two liberal experts. Sun Yat-sen implemented a series of social and political reforms during the term of the provisional president. He formulated the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China", which stipulates that "the sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to the whole people." Citizens have the freedom and rights of person, election, political participation, residence, speech, publication, assembly, correspondence, and religious belief, and issued a series of relevant decrees. Diplomatically, it shows that "we must be equal and friendly with all the states and towns in the world," and join "within the state organizations recognized by public law." Economically, abolish the harsh taxes of the Qing Dynasty, protect national industry and commerce, and reward overseas Chinese investment in China. In terms of culture and education, it advocates "civic morality" education with the purpose of "freedom, equality, and fraternity", and abolishes primary school scripture reading. The founding of the Republic of China marked the end of the feudal monarchy that lasted for more than 2,000 years. On January 5, Sun Yat-sen presided over the first cabinet meeting of the provisional government of the Republic of China in the name of the president. The five-color flag fluttered in the wind on Nanjing Road in Shanghai to celebrate the establishment of the national government of the Republic of China. Nanjing Provisional Government to the summary of the members of the organization. Extended reading: Xiaosong said today in history. Xiaosong said today in history. Xiaosong said that the Republic of China was founded. Everyone knows that the Xinhai Revolution broke out on October 10, 1911. After the revolution was launched, it surged across the country with a destructive and overwhelming trend. Each province became independent, some military independence, some government independence, and even a turtle slave in a brothel in Yangzhou ran out to declare independence. Of course revolution comes at a price, and personally, my family has suffered some hardships during this period of history. My grandmother's grandfather was Lu Zhongqi, the last governor of Shanxi in the Qing Dynasty. When the revolution came, all places were competing for independence, because after independence, you can be king on one side. At that time, my grandmother's grandfather also declared independence, but was preempted by the soldiers. In order to show the revolution and make a complete break with the old system and the old era of the past, the first thing a revolutionary soldier did was to overthrow his own ruler, that is, the most direct upper class. So, my grandmother's family was suddenly wiped out by the revolutionary soldiers at that time, which made my grandmother an orphan. This is the price paid by individuals and families in that era for the revolution and the overthrow of a historical era. After everyone became independent, a new country had to be established, and it had to have a new look. So on January 1, 1912, we had a new country - the Republic of China, and the Republic of China officially had an interim president, Mr. Sun Yat-sen. The 1911 Revolution was actually launched by some soldiers who had been influenced by the revolution for a long time, and it quickly developed into a prairie fire. Mr. Sun was washing dishes in a restaurant in Denver, Colorado, USA. Before that, he had been working for the revolution for many years. Of course, the revolution is not a matter of a day or two, nor is it a dinner party. The large amount of revolutionary funds that Mr. Sun raised over the years were used up in similar uprisings such as Huanghuagang. However, Mr. Sun still persisted and was washing dishes in the United States to accumulate funds for the revolution. Although it was not very meaningful to accumulate funds by washing dishes (according to later research, he did not wash dishes, but worked as an apartment in a high-end apartment). Mr. Sun saw the Wuchang Uprising in the American newspaper that day. He was very excited and immediately set off to seek assistance in several countries. At the end of 1911, Mr. Sun returned to Nanjing. At this time, independent representatives of the provinces were planning to establish a new country there. At that time, everyone's morale was high, and they felt that a new era was coming, and a new country was about to be born. Although Mr. Sun was not the direct commander and initiator of the Wuchang Uprising, due to his years of prestige and connections with countries around the world, everyone believed that Mr. Sun not only had revolutionary prestige, but also might have strong financial and political background, etc. Therefore, Mr. Sun was elected as the interim president. The first thing Mr. Sun did after becoming the interim president was very interesting, called "correcting Shuo and changing clothes". Although this looks like a face project, the face project is very important for a young new country, that is to say, it is going to change the era. This is the biggest change in the history of the era. It not only changed the era number, but also changed the calendar, that is, it changed the lunar calendar that we have used for thousands of years to the Gregorian calendar like most countries in the world. This is a huge reform. Not only did the New Year of the Republic of China come, but the New Year of the Republic of China was directly changed from a certain year, month and day in the original era to January 1. This is the Gregorian calendar, which has been used to this day. Of course, everyone used to be called Kangxi for a while and Qianlong for a while, but everyone was still not used to changing to the Gregorian calendar all at once, and it caused all kinds of chaos among the people at that time. First of all, the newspapers at that time did not know how to write, because the era at that time was already very confusing. Many places no longer used the Qing Dynasty era, but the Yellow Emperor calendar directly. For example, the proclamations issued after the Wuchang Uprising used the Yellow Emperor era. Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen became the interim president, he telegraphed the governors of all provinces: "The Republic of China changed to the Gregorian calendar, and November 13, 469, was the New Year's Day of the Republic of China." There are also places that use the calendar method of heaven and earth, such as Jiawu, Xinhai, etc. The most confusing among them are debts and budgets. For example, who borrowed money from whom before, saying that the leap month of a certain year is paid, but now there is no leap month, or the money owed to you in a certain year and month is not recognized, so many people default on their debts. But the new era is coming, of course, it will cause some discomfort during the transition period. It is a good thing to change the habits that everyone is familiar with. You can get familiar with it slowly, and you can get used to new things and new things slowly. Of course, some of our thousands of years of traditions have been preserved. For example, we have used the lunar calendar for thousands of years. Although we all say that New Year's Day on January 1 is the New Year, for the Chinese nation, the Spring Festival is the grandest festival. First of all, the New Year's Eve Gala is not as grand as the Spring Festival Gala. Secondly, in terms of the length of the holiday, it is also obvious that the Spring Festival is more valued by people. Family reunions visit relatives and friends, and the holiday is very long. As of today, although most of us use the Gregorian calendar, such as our birthdays, school days, etc., we still use the lunar calendar for at least fifteen days every year. From New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day, and even in some areas in the north, the Gregorian calendar has been forgotten since Laba, until after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, everyone starts to go to work and uses the Gregorian calendar date again. This is a very interesting phenomenon. "Correcting Shuo and changing colors" is a big change. We talked about "correcting Shuo" above, and the following is about "changing colors". After President Sun came up, he had to look new. First of all, he had to cut his braids and wear a dress. There were many kinds of dresses at that time, including French, German, and British, such as big hats, tuxedos, and long hanging spikes. There are all kinds of strange things. In fact, since then, what has really been passed down is the "Mao suit" named after President Sun Da, which has been used to this day. Until now, we still wear it on some formal occasions. When Chairperson Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen Gate Tower in 1949 to announce the founding of the People's Republic of China, he also wore a Mao suit. Of course, New China also followed this Gregorian calendar method. Therefore, starting from January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was regarded as the most significant reform that overthrew the dictatorship of the monarchy for so many years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, some reform systems were adopted at that time, so this day is very important for the Chinese nation. Although people have cut the braids that have been left for more than 200 years, even after the reform and opening up, in some Western films and novels, Chinese men still have the image of a braid, because this is the first impression that foreigners have formed of the Chinese people. But this time, the braid cutting, from the beginning of persuasion to coercion, has developed into an increasingly strong demand, so that the people who wear braids in the end have become a rare crowd. One of the two most famous people with pigtails at that time was Zhang Xun, who was a handsome braid, and this person later restored a few days, and the other was Gu Hongming, a famous professor at that time. There is a data that in 1928, someone specially counted that there were 4,869 people left in Peiping with pigtails. I think this is quite interesting. In that era of chaos, the number of people with pigtails can still be counted. Of course, we don't know if this data is accurate, but I think this is very interesting. It can be seen that "cutting pigtails" was a very big reform for the people and society at that time. I think that today, the number of people (men) in Beijing who have pigtails is estimated to have increased tenfold again. Like those who play music and rock bands, most of these artistic people have pigtails, including myself, who have done pigtails before. So, January 1, 1912, officially began a new era in our country. This day is very important and meaningful for the Chinese nation. "Correcting Shuo and changing colors" was only a cosmetic reform at that time, because Mr. Sun Yat-sen resigned after only a few months as the interim president and handed it over to Yuan Shikai. The first official president, the date of handover is also very interesting. It is April 1st, which everyone knows is April Fools' Day. President Yuan continued to implement some substantive reforms. In fact, President Sun was an idealistic revolutionary. He did not really manage a country or even a province or a city. He has always worked hard to transform the country with his revolutionary ideals, while President Yuan managed and operated several provinces and even a country, so he made many substantive reforms after taking office. For example, he reformed the currency system. At that time, the currency was very chaotic. Many places used silver, and some places used silver balls. The silver balls were also divided into Longyang and Yingyang at that time. Longyang was the silver balls issued by the Qing Dynasty at that time. Yingyang was from Mexico, because Mexico produced more silver at that time, so their eagles were also passed through us. President Yuan unified the currency, which was a big and substantive reform for the country. President Yuan was printed on the silver circle at that time, and there was "Yuan Datou". From the Beiyang government to the Nanjing government, everyone relayed the power one by one, stick by stick, and reformed the country one by one, until the founding of New China, until today, I think that after the overthrow of thousands of years of feudal emperors, you created the leaders of the Republic of China, including President Sun, including President Yuan, and later the founding of our new China. I think everyone has made great efforts for the transformation and reform of this country. But in the middle, Yuan Shikai changed another dimension, and "corrected Shuo and changed clothes." The restoration of Hongxian, on January 1, 1916, was the biggest stain in Yuan Shikai's life. On January 1, 1912, we began to adopt the Gregorian calendar. Let me give you a comparison. Among the various countries in Asia, we were not the first or the last to adopt the Gregorian calendar. The first country in Asia to carry out reform was Japan, which adopted the Gregorian calendar on January 1, 1873, while Turkey changed to the Gregorian calendar on January 1, 1927.113 years ago today, on January 1, 1912 (November 13, 1911 in the lunar calendar), Sun Yat-sen took office as the provisional president of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen took office as the provisional president of the Republic of China on October 10, 1911. The Wuchang Uprising broke out in the 1911 Revolution. At that time, Sun Yat-sen was abroad. Later, he learned the news of the victory of the Wuchang Uprising in American newspapers, that is, detoured to Britain and France to win diplomatic support. On December 25, Sun Yat-sen returned to China and arrived in Shanghai. Later, the representatives of the provinces in Nanjing elected Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president of the Republic of China. On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president in Nanjing, announcing the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China. The era of the Republic of China was changed to the Gregorian calendar. Sun Yat-sen said in his inaugural declaration of the interim president that he must "wipe out the poison of autocracy, determine the republic, and improve people's livelihood, so as to achieve the purpose of the revolution and fulfill the volunteers of the people." "After the establishment of the provisional government, it should fulfill the obligations of a civilized country, so as to enjoy the rights of a civilized country." The provisional government wants to wash away the "humiliating measures" of the reactionary government of the Qing Dynasty. In the provisional government of the Republic of China formed by Sun Yat-sen, the revolutionaries have an absolute advantage, but they have also absorbed some old bureaucrats and constitutionalists. Among the nine ministers of state, there are three members of the alliance. They are Huang Xing, the chief of the army general staff, Wang Fenghui, the foreign minister, and Cai Yuanpei, the chief of education. Among the remaining six ministers of state, there are two old bureaucrats, two constitutionalists, and two liberal experts. Sun Yat-sen implemented a series of social and political reforms during the term of the provisional president. He formulated the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China", which stipulates that "the sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to the whole people." Citizens have the freedom and rights of person, election, political participation, residence, speech, publication, assembly, correspondence, and religious belief, and issued a series of relevant decrees. Diplomatically, it shows that "we must be equal and friendly with all the states and towns in the world," and join "within the state organizations recognized by public law." Economically, abolish the harsh taxes of the Qing Dynasty, protect national industry and commerce, and reward overseas Chinese investment in China. In terms of culture and education, it advocates "civic morality" education with the purpose of "freedom, equality, and fraternity", and abolishes primary school scripture reading. The founding of the Republic of China marked the end of the feudal monarchy that lasted for more than 2,000 years. On January 5, Sun Yat-sen presided over the first cabinet meeting of the provisional government of the Republic of China in the name of the president. The five-color flag fluttered in the wind on Nanjing Road in Shanghai to celebrate the establishment of the national government of the Republic of China. Nanjing Provisional Government to the summary of the members of the organization. Extended reading: Xiaosong said today in history. Xiaosong said today in history. Xiaosong said that the Republic of China was founded. Everyone knows that the Xinhai Revolution broke out on October 10, 1911. After the revolution was launched, it surged across the country with a destructive and overwhelming trend. Each province became independent, some military independence, some government independence, and even a turtle slave in a brothel in Yangzhou ran out to declare independence. Of course revolution comes at a price, and personally, my family has suffered some hardships during this period of history. My grandmother's grandfather was Lu Zhongqi, the last governor of Shanxi in the Qing Dynasty. When the revolution came, all places were competing for independence, because after independence, you can be king on one side. At that time, my grandmother's grandfather also declared independence, but was preempted by the soldiers. In order to show the revolution and make a complete break with the old system and the old era of the past, the first thing a revolutionary soldier did was to overthrow his own ruler, that is, the most direct upper class. So, my grandmother's family was suddenly wiped out by the revolutionary soldiers at that time, which made my grandmother an orphan. This is the price paid by individuals and families in that era for the revolution and the overthrow of a historical era. After everyone became independent, a new country had to be established, and it had to have a new look. So on January 1, 1912, we had a new country - the Republic of China, and the Republic of China officially had an interim president, Mr. Sun Yat-sen. The 1911 Revolution was actually launched by some soldiers who had been influenced by the revolution for a long time, and it quickly developed into a prairie fire. Mr. Sun was washing dishes in a restaurant in Denver, Colorado, USA. Before that, he had been working for the revolution for many years. Of course, the revolution is not a matter of a day or two, nor is it a dinner party. The large amount of revolutionary funds that Mr. Sun raised over the years were used up in similar uprisings such as Huanghuagang. However, Mr. Sun still persisted and was washing dishes in the United States to accumulate funds for the revolution. Although it was not very meaningful to accumulate funds by washing dishes (according to later research, he did not wash dishes, but worked as an apartment in a high-end apartment). Mr. Sun saw the Wuchang Uprising in the American newspaper that day. He was very excited and immediately set off to seek assistance in several countries. At the end of 1911, Mr. Sun returned to Nanjing. At this time, independent representatives of the provinces were planning to establish a new country there. At that time, everyone's morale was high, and they felt that a new era was coming, and a new country was about to be born. Although Mr. Sun was not the direct commander and initiator of the Wuchang Uprising, due to his years of prestige and connections with countries around the world, everyone believed that Mr. Sun not only had revolutionary prestige, but also might have strong financial and political background, etc. Therefore, Mr. Sun was elected as the interim president. The first thing Mr. Sun did after becoming the interim president was very interesting, called "correcting Shuo and changing clothes". Although this looks like a face project, the face project is very important for a young new country, that is to say, it is going to change the era. This is the biggest change in the history of the era. It not only changed the era number, but also changed the calendar, that is, it changed the lunar calendar that we have used for thousands of years to the Gregorian calendar like most countries in the world. This is a huge reform. Not only did the New Year of the Republic of China come, but the New Year of the Republic of China was directly changed from a certain year, month and day in the original era to January 1. This is the Gregorian calendar, which has been used to this day. Of course, everyone used to be called Kangxi for a while and Qianlong for a while, but everyone was still not used to changing to the Gregorian calendar all at once, and it caused all kinds of chaos among the people at that time. First of all, the newspapers at that time did not know how to write, because the era at that time was already very confusing. Many places no longer used the Qing Dynasty era, but the Yellow Emperor calendar directly. For example, the proclamations issued after the Wuchang Uprising used the Yellow Emperor era. Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen became the interim president, he telegraphed the governors of all provinces: "The Republic of China changed to the Gregorian calendar, and November 13, 469, was the New Year's Day of the Republic of China." There are also places that use the calendar method of heaven and earth, such as Jiawu, Xinhai, etc. The most confusing among them are debts and budgets. For example, who borrowed money from whom before, saying that the leap month of a certain year is paid, but now there is no leap month, or the money owed to you in a certain year and month is not recognized, so many people default on their debts. But the new era is coming, of course, it will cause some discomfort during the transition period. It is a good thing to change the habits that everyone is familiar with. You can get familiar with it slowly, and you can get used to new things and new things slowly. Of course, some of our thousands of years of traditions have been preserved. For example, we have used the lunar calendar for thousands of years. Although we all say that New Year's Day on January 1 is the New Year, for the Chinese nation, the Spring Festival is the grandest festival. First of all, the New Year's Eve Gala is not as grand as the Spring Festival Gala. Secondly, in terms of the length of the holiday, it is also obvious that the Spring Festival is more valued by people. Family reunions visit relatives and friends, and the holiday is very long. As of today, although most of us use the Gregorian calendar, such as our birthdays, school days, etc., we still use the lunar calendar for at least fifteen days every year. From New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day, and even in some areas in the north, the Gregorian calendar has been forgotten since Laba, until after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, everyone starts to go to work and uses the Gregorian calendar date again. This is a very interesting phenomenon. "Correcting Shuo and changing colors" is a big change. We talked about "correcting Shuo" above, and the following is about "changing colors". After President Sun came up, he had to look new. First of all, he had to cut his braids and wear a dress. There were many kinds of dresses at that time, including French, German, and British, such as big hats, tuxedos, and long hanging spikes. There are all kinds of strange things. In fact, since then, what has really been passed down is the "Mao suit" named after President Sun Da, which has been used to this day. Until now, we still wear it on some formal occasions. When Chairperson Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen Gate Tower in 1949 to announce the founding of the People's Republic of China, he also wore a Mao suit. Of course, New China also followed this Gregorian calendar method. Therefore, starting from January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was regarded as the most significant reform that overthrew the dictatorship of the monarchy for so many years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, some reform systems were adopted at that time, so this day is very important for the Chinese nation. Although people have cut the braids that have been left for more than 200 years, even after the reform and opening up, in some Western films and novels, Chinese men still have the image of a braid, because this is the first impression that foreigners have formed of the Chinese people. But this time, the braid cutting, from the beginning of persuasion to coercion, has developed into an increasingly strong demand, so that the people who wear braids in the end have become a rare crowd. One of the two most famous people with pigtails at that time was Zhang Xun, who was a handsome braid, and this person later restored a few days, and the other was Gu Hongming, a famous professor at that time. There is a data that in 1928, someone specially counted that there were 4,869 people left in Peiping with pigtails. I think this is quite interesting. In that era of chaos, the number of people with pigtails can still be counted. Of course, we don't know if this data is accurate, but I think this is very interesting. It can be seen that "cutting pigtails" was a very big reform for the people and society at that time. I think that today, the number of people (men) in Beijing who have pigtails is estimated to have increased tenfold again. Like those who play music and rock bands, most of these artistic people have pigtails, including myself, who have done pigtails before. So, January 1, 1912, officially began a new era in our country. This day is very important and meaningful for the Chinese nation. "Correcting Shuo and changing colors" was only a cosmetic reform at that time, because Mr. Sun Yat-sen resigned after only a few months as the interim president and handed it over to Yuan Shikai. The first official president, the date of handover is also very interesting. It is April 1st, which everyone knows is April Fools' Day. President Yuan continued to implement some substantive reforms. In fact, President Sun was an idealistic revolutionary. He did not really manage a country or even a province or a city. He has always worked hard to transform the country with his revolutionary ideals, while President Yuan managed and operated several provinces and even a country, so he made many substantive reforms after taking office. For example, he reformed the currency system. At that time, the currency was very chaotic. Many places used silver, and some places used silver balls. The silver balls were also divided into Longyang and Yingyang at that time. Longyang was the silver balls issued by the Qing Dynasty at that time. Yingyang was from Mexico, because Mexico produced more silver at that time, so their eagles were also passed through us. President Yuan unified the currency, which was a big and substantive reform for the country. President Yuan was printed on the silver circle at that time, and there was "Yuan Datou". From the Beiyang government to the Nanjing government, everyone relayed the power one by one, stick by stick, and reformed the country one by one, until the founding of New China, until today, I think that after the overthrow of thousands of years of feudal emperors, you created the leaders of the Republic of China, including President Sun, including President Yuan, and later the founding of our new China. I think everyone has made great efforts for the transformation and reform of this country. But in the middle, Yuan Shikai changed another dimension, and "corrected Shuo and changed clothes." The restoration of Hongxian, on January 1, 1916, was the biggest stain in Yuan Shikai's life. On January 1, 1912, we began to adopt the Gregorian calendar. Let me give you a comparison. Among the various countries in Asia, we were not the first or the last to adopt the Gregorian calendar. The first country in Asia to carry out reform was Japan, which adopted the Gregorian calendar on January 1, 1873, while Turkey changed to the Gregorian calendar on January 1, 1927.