On this day 123 years ago, on April 8, 1902 (March 1, 1902 lunar calendar), Russia agreed to withdraw its troops from Northeast China. On April 8, 1902, Reisal, a representative of the Tsarist government, and Wang Wenshao, a representative of the Qing government, signed the Sino-Russian Treaty on the Accession of the Three Eastern Provinces in Beijing. The treaty consists of four articles: 1. All parts of the three eastern provinces "shall remain under the territory of China and the administration of Chinese officials as before the Russian army occupied them." 2. "If there is no more chaos and the actions of other countries are not restrained," the Russian army will withdraw from the Northeast in three phases within a year and a half. III. Before the withdrawal of the Russian army, the number and location of the Chinese troops in the three eastern provinces must be agreed with the Russian officers; after the withdrawal of the Russian army, the number of Chinese troops in the three eastern provinces should be increased or decreased, and Russia should be informed at any time. IV. Russia returned the railways along Shanhaiguan, Yingkou, and Xinmintun, and the Qing government should pay compensation. The final signing of the treaty went through a long process of bargaining. In 1900, Tsarist Russia sent troops to join the Eight-Power Allied Army and took the opportunity to invade the three eastern provinces. On January 24, 1901, with the intervention of the great powers and the rejection of the Qing government, Tsarist Russia announced the abolition of the Temporary Regulations on the Delivery of Fengtian and Land. Afterwards, Tsarist Russia proposed a draft plan aimed at monopolizing the three eastern provinces, seizing military rights, rights, and the right to appoint and remove officials in the northeast, and expanding the scope of influence from the northeast to Outer Mongolia and the northern provinces. He asked the Qing government to sign it formally, but the Qing court did not allow it. Then the Tsarist Russia asked the Qing government to conclude a contract with Daosheng Bank, on the condition that the Qing court guaranteed Daosheng Bank that any railway or industrial leasing rights in the three eastern provinces would not be allowed to be with other countries without the consent of the banks, and Russia would withdraw from the northeast. This plan could directly monopolize the financial and all leasing rights of the three eastern provinces, so Britain, Japan, and the United States firmly opposed it. On January 3, 1902, Britain and Japan formed an alliance to jointly oppose Russia. On February 3, the United States informed Russia that it opposed Daosheng Bank's monopoly of economic rights and interests in the three eastern provinces. Germany and France also expressed their opposition directly and indirectly. On February 12, Russia received a notice from the Qing government refusing to sign a banking contract. Tsarist Russia was forced to concede.