On this day 77 years ago, on September 11, 1948 (August 9, 1948 lunar calendar), Jinnah, the leader of the Pakistan National Movement, passed away. M. A. Jinnah (right), Chairperson of the All India Muslim League, and Chandraga Jinnah (1886-1948), Chairperson of the Mumbai Provincial Union, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Leader of the Pakistan National Movement. Born in Karachi. Studied law at Lincoln Law School in London, England, and worked as a lawyer and temporary judge in the Bombay High Court. Joined the Congress Party in 1906. Elected to the Central Legislative Assembly of India in 1910. Joined the Indian Muslim League in 1913 and served as chairperson several times. In the early days, he advocated the establishment of a unified independent country in India and negotiated a reconciliation agreement between the Indian Grand Party and the Muslim League. Later, he broke with the Congress Party in 1920 due to dissatisfaction with the attitude of the Congress Party towards Muslims and Gandhi's non-violent and uncooperative resistance movement. In 1922, he was re-elected as a member of the Central Legislative Assembly of India and attended the round table as the sole representative of Indian Muslims. In 1930, the Muslim League was declared the only representative organization of Indian Muslims. In 1936, he served as the chairperson of the Central Election Committee of the Muslim League. Later, he settled in London and resumed his practice as a lawyer in the Privy Council Court. He returned to India in 1938. In 1940, the Muslim League held a congress in Lahore and adopted the Jinnah program for the establishment of Pakistan, advocating that the Muslim-majority areas should be freed from British colonial rule and united to form an Islamic state. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, he served as the first governor of the Autonomous Territory of Pakistan and the chairperson of the Constituent Assembly. He died of a heart attack in September the following year.