Lenin in 1921

On March 8-16, 1921, the Communist Party of Russia (Bolsheviks) held its 10th Congress. On Lenin's proposal, the Congress passed a resolution on March 15, deciding to replace the system of collecting surplus grain with a grain tax, and to replace the policy of wartime communism with a new economic policy. Lenin announced that the Soviet Union would embark on a so-called New Economic Policy, the main point of which was that the collection of grain would be replaced by taxation and that private enterprise would be gradually legalized in order to revitalize the economy and improve the food supply. This policy actually weakened socialization and encouraged limited freedom of operation. Its purpose was to win over the peasants, who made up the vast majority of the Soviet population. Since the end of the war, these peasants have been in a miserable predicament. It was expected that foreign trade would be entirely in the hands of the state in order to prevent foreign competition. The industrial base, which accounted for 85 percent of the country's workers, would also be mainly controlled by the state. According to Lenin's intention, agriculture would be largely unrestricted by the policy. This meant accepting the demands of the peasants, who were eager to own their own farms. Lenin said that the ultimate goal of this new economic policy was to get the Soviets out of the severe post-war depression. The content of the new economic policy was very extensive and it was implemented gradually. In 1922, the Soviet government issued a decree, which stipulated that farmers had the freedom to choose the form of land, allowing farmers to lease land and use wage labor within a certain range. In terms of circulation, the government allowed farmers and small handicraftsmen to take their products to the market and buy and sell freely, restoring free trade within the country. From 1922 to 1924, the state carried out currency reform and stabilized the currency. In terms of industry, the state continued to control important industrial and mining enterprises, but leased some small and medium-sized enterprises to the country and

Business by foreign capitalists. In terms of management system, enterprises are required to form trusts according to departments to independently conduct production management and economic accounting. Cooperatives have also gained independent management rights. In terms of distribution, the egalitarian physical distribution system was abolished and distribution according to work was implemented. The implementation of the new economic policy has been welcomed by farmers and supported by workers and other workers. It quickly restored the war-damaged economy of Soviet Russia, increasingly consolidated the worker-peasant alliance, and continuously strengthened the Soviet regime.

Caricature figures erected outside the Kremlin during the Party Congress