On this day, 478 years ago, on January 28, 1547 (January 7, 1547 in the lunar calendar), Henry VIII, the second King of the Tudor Dynasty of England, passed away. Henry VIII (June 28, 1491-January 28, 1547) was the second king of the Tudor Dynasty of England (reigned from 1509 to 1547). He was the second son of Henry VII of England and the second king of the Tudor Dynasty. He succeeded to the throne on April 22, 1509. He was also the Lord of Ireland and later became King of Ireland. In order to divorce his wife and marry a new queen, Henry VIII turned against the Roman Catholic Church at that time, implemented religious reform, and passed some important bills allowing him to marry another, and appointed the bishop of England at that time as the archbishop of the Church of England, making the Church of England separate from the Holy See, becoming the highest religious leader in England, and dissolving the monastery, thus reaching the peak of the power of the British royal family. During his reign, he incorporated Wales into England. Although it is said that Henry VIII became a Protestant before his death, he advocated Catholic rituals and dogmas throughout his life. His descendants Edward VI and Elizabeth I continued to pursue reforms. However, his daughter Mary I restored Catholic status during the reign of his daughter. Henry VIII had six marriages and had two wives beheaded on his orders. I will never allow anyone to manipulate me-the creed of Henry VIII; if the Pope excommunicated me 10,000 times, I wouldn't care, I would prove to all kings how insignificant the Pope's power is-Henry VIII's determination to elaborate on the religious reform Speaking of King Henry VIII of England, people often talk about his affairs with six wives. It is no exaggeration to say that he was a romantic son of heaven, but his cruelty in his later years was indeed shocking. His influence on history mainly came from the English Reformation he launched and led. Henry VIII's father, Henry VII, was a famous and promising king of his generation. He used the support of the French to oust Richard III from the throne, ending more than 30 years of the War of the Roses and ending the constant war since the Hundred Years 'War between Britain and France. He is also a financial expert and has accumulated a large fortune for his son. When 18-year-old Henry inherited the throne, he also inherited the rich inheritance left by his father. The young Henry is handsome and handsome, proficient in music, horse riding, tennis, and foreign languages. He enjoys the fun of life without delaying government affairs. He is the most proud person in the world. However, an overly smooth early life may also be the reason for his violent and erratic personality in the future. Scotland and France have been England's two main enemies since the times of Edward. In the early days of Henry VIII, wars continued with these two countries. In 1513, England defeated the Scottish army, and the Scottish king, more than 20 aristocrats and more than 10,000 soldiers were killed. The successor James V was young and was regent by the Queen Mother (sister of Henry VIII). From then on, England's northern border was stabilized. But Henry VIII's war with France yielded nothing. In his early years, Henry VIII was a devout Catholic. Out of the need to confront France, he also worked closely with the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (King Carlos I of Spain) under the banner of protecting the Pope. When he heard that the German Reformation was in the ascendant under the initiative of Martin Luther, he personally wrote an article condemning Martin Luther and defending the Pope, thus winning the title of "Defender of Faith" from the Pope. However, a few years later, the situation turned 180 degrees, and Henry VIII became the Pope's number one enemy. The trigger for Henry VIII's religious reform is often attributed to his divorce. Faced with the aging of his original wife Catherine, who was formerly a Spanish princess, because she had only one daughter, Mary, Henry, eager for a male heir, gradually lost patience with her belly and fell in love with her maid, the young but not said to be very beautiful Anne Boleyn. This kind of situation is common in social life. A dishonest man wants to abandon his aging wife, but the wife cries and insists on refusing to agree. However, when this happened in the royal family in an era of fierce struggle, it has a huge impact and has become the most influential divorce case in human history. Henry VIII insisted on a divorce, but was opposed by the Orthodox Catholic forces in England. When the divorce proceedings were submitted to the Holy See, Pope Clement VII originally wanted to approve it, but he was afraid of the power of Catherine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and did not dare to act rashly and had to postpone it. Henry VIII couldn't wait, so the following series of events occurred. In September 1529, Henry VIII dismissed Wolsey, the Chief Minister, Archbishop of York, and Justice, who had been in power for 20 years. This was an important signal of Henry VIII's rupture with the past. Parliament was then convened to discuss the issue of religious reform. Two years later, at the instigation of the reformists, Parliament passed a series of bills stipulating that all taxes collected by the Church should stop being paid to the Church of Rome and instead be paid to the King of England. At the same time, the Reform Group led by Thomas Cromwell seized the dominant position in the Privy Council. In May 1533, Cranmer, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, declared the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine invalid. In June of the same year, Anne Boleyn was finally crowned Queen of England. In retaliation, the Holy See expelled Henry VIII. Henry VIII was tit-for-tat. In 1534, he urged the English Parliament to pass the "Supreme Law", stipulating that the king was the sole and supreme head of the Church of England and declaring that he would cut off all dealings with the Pope of Rome. Starting from 1536, under the chairmanship of Thomas Cromwell, a series of new civilizational reforms were implemented, the "Ten Canons" were formulated, Catholic rituals were simplified, the English version of the Bible was approved to be published in England, and the "Seventeen Instructions" were issued to civilize and institutionalize the British Parliament. In England, the biggest beneficiary was undoubtedly Henry VIII, who made a lot of money. He not only achieved the goal of divorcing Catherine, but also announced the abolition of the monastery system from 1536 to 1539, confiscation of the monastery land, part of it nationalized, part of it was given to cronies and great aristocrats, and part of it was sold out, thus alleviating the financial crisis and forming a vested interest group that supported the religious reform. Through the Reformation, Henry VIII also strengthened his own autocratic power, bringing England's kingship to its highest point since the promulgation of the Magna Carta in 1215. In the process of implementing the reform, Henry VIII fully exposed his brutal side ¢Ù, and a large number of people were guillotine, including Moore, the author of Utopia and Chief Minister. After 1539, Henry VIII's religious thoughts began to resurface and he executed a group of radical Protestants. Thomas Cromwell, the chief hero of the Reformation, was also executed in 1540. But facts proved that Henry VIII had far more supporters than opponents of the Reformation. Not only did he not cause unrest during the reform process (although uprisings against the Reformation broke out in Lincolnshire and Ireland, they quickly subsided), he strengthened his position. Martin Luther's Protestant ideas had long been introduced into England before the Reformation, and widespread dissatisfaction with the monasteries and clergy at that time put the majority in the camp in favor of the reform. After receiving land from the confiscated monasteries, the new aristocrats became the backbone of the Church of England. Henry VIII was undoubtedly wise to use Parliament as the main front for the religious reform, which made him more conducive to gaining support from all walks of life. Among his successors, those who attempted to restore Catholicism would inevitably encounter heavy opposition and unstable rule, while those who adhered to Protestantism could gain the support of the majority of the people, which also showed that his reforms were in line with the needs of historical progress. Henry VIII was married six times, of which he divorced Catherine and Anne of Clevy, and guillotine Anne Boleyn and Howard. Seymour, who died after giving birth to his only son, is the object of his memory. His last wife, Parr, was also good. She coordinated the relationship between Henry and his children and allowed Henry to spend the last few years quietly. Henry VIII's influence on history was mainly the religious reform movement he launched. Since Martin Luther posted the "Ninety-five Theses" at the door of the church in 1517 and ignited the flames of the Protestant movement, England was the only country that implemented reforms from top down. In fact, this movement would come sooner or later, and Henry VIII used state power to implement it, which saved England from falling into a long-term civil war like Germany and France due to the religious reform. In addition, during the era of Henry VIII, Scotland was defeated by force, and the Union Act of Parliament declared Wales to be incorporated into the United Kingdom, taking British union a step forward. He established a powerful navy, which laid the preliminary foundation for the maritime hegemony of the Empire that never sets the sun. All of this puts him on this list, ranking 60th. Comments: Putting aside religious factors, Henry VIII's reform actually targeted a small number of vested interests, benefiting a larger number of people, and in the process strengthened his authority and even enriched his own pockets. Such a process is full of selfishness and brutality, but it can often promote historical development.¢Ù Some historians have textual research and believe that it was caused by syphilis, a disease of the times, which damaged the nerves.