119 years ago today, on April 27, 1906 (April 4, 1906 in the lunar calendar), China and Britain renewed the Tibet-India Treaty. The Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty was a treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and the United Kingdom in Beijing on April 27, 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu) on Xizang affairs. It was a treaty amending the previous Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty. Treaty Introduction At the end of the 19th century, the imperialists set off a frenzy to carve up China, and there was a blatant argument in Britain for the annexation of Xizang. At this time, Russia was stepping up its infiltration of Xizang, sending a delegation to Tibet, especially using religious relations to win over the upper echelons of Xizang, and inciting hatred of Britain and pro-Russia. The United Kingdom tried its best to create public opinion for further aggression against Xizang in the name of preventing Russia from protecting India. It was no longer satisfied with the rights it had acquired in Xizang after the first war of invasion of Tibet, and wanted to move the commercial port from Asia to the north, and to use the survey of the border between Xizang and Zemengxiong to subdue the local authorities in Xizang. In July 1903, representatives of China and Britain and India held a meeting at Xizang Ganba Sect to discuss issues such as trade and borders. The British and Indians showed no sincerity and planned to solve the problem by war. In December 1903, the second British war of invasion of Tibet broke out. In August 1904, the British army invaded Lhasa. Dalai Lama XIII had left Lhasa and headed north through Qinghai. The British invaders forced some local officials in Xizang to sign the Lhasa Treaty (also known as the British-Tibetan Treaty) on September 7, which mainly contained: 1. Add Gyangzi and Kadak as commercial ports. Britain has the right to send personnel to each commercial port. 2. Except for the taxes in the future tax plan, no matter what is collected, it will not be drawn. 3. Xizang indemnity of 500,000 pounds. 4. British troops will remain in Chumpi until the indemnity is paid or the commercial port is properly established for three years at the latest. 5. Xizang promises to level all batteries, counterfeit products, etc. from the Indian border to Gyangzi and Lhasa, and remove all weapons that hinder the passage. 6. Xizang cannot sell, lease or otherwise give land to any foreign country without the permission of the British government. No foreign country is allowed to interfere in all matters of Xizang, and no personnel or agents are allowed to enter Tibet. No railway, road, wire, mineral or other rights are allowed to be enjoyed by foreign countries or people of foreign nationality. If this right is granted, the countervailing rights or the same rights shall be enjoyed by the British government. No imports from Xizang, or goods or gold, silver and coins, etc., are allowed to be transferred to foreign countries or people of foreign nationality. This treaty effectively made Xizang a British sphere of influence. The Qing government did not recognize it. This treaty also aroused strong dissatisfaction from other imperialist countries, especially Russia. Britain also believed that some of the provisions of the Lhasa Treaty went beyond the scope of "policy in the interests of the British Empire as a whole" and had to reopen negotiations with China. In February 1905, the Chinese and British sides held negotiations in Calcutta, India. The Chinese representative was Tang Shaoyi, the right-hand man of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the British representative was Felicia, the foreign secretary of the British and Indian governments. During the negotiations, Tang Shaoyi reiterated China's position on the Lhasa Treaty, insisted that Britain must recognize China's sovereignty over Xizang, and proposed to abolish the Lhasa Treaty and renegotiate the treaty between China and Britain. The British representative created the fallacy that China has only "suzerainty" over Xizang, and insisted on signing the contract on the terms drawn up by the British. Due to the completely different purposes of the negotiations between the two sides, no agreement was reached despite many meetings. In September, Tang Shaoyi was recalled to China, and Counselor Zhang Yintang succeeded him as Minister Plenipotentiary to continue negotiations, but there was still no progress. In November, the British side unilaterally suspended the negotiations. In April 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), China and Britain resumed negotiations in Beijing. On the 27th, the Qing government signed the "Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty" with Britain on the condition that the British made concessions. The "Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty" consists of 6 articles, and the "Lhasa Treaty" is used as a supplementary contract. The main contents of the treaty are: Britain agrees not to occupy Tibet and not to interfere in all politics of Xizang. The Chinese state agrees not to allow him to interfere in Tibet and all its internal governance. The Treaty of Lhasa, which is an annex to this treaty, "mutually acknowledges and earnestly observes"; the rights stated in Section 4 of Article 9 shall not be enjoyed by other countries and people of other countries except China. However, after agreement with China, in the commercial ports specified in the second paragraph of the treaty, Britain shall set up wires to inform India of its interests in the territory. The Sino-British Renewal of the Treaty of Tibet and India actually affirmed China's sovereignty in Xizang, and was a blow to those who tried to divide the Chinese territory of Xizang. But it recognized many of Britain's aggressive interests and privileges in Xizang, and it was still an unequal treaty. The original text of the treaty was April 27, 1906, and the fourth day of the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Beijing. On February 27, 1616 and October 28, 1919, China and the United Kingdom concluded two Tibet-India treaties. Xizang did not consider the provisions contained in the treaties to be true, nor did he agree to abide by them. The British government could only try to protect the rights of the two treaties. On July 28, 1930, the ten clauses of the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty were concluded in Lhasa. Subsequent to the fifth day of October in the 30th year of Guangxu, the Governor-General of India on behalf of the British government approved the treaty, and attached the documents for the modification of the terms declared on that day; the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the Great Emperor of the Great Britain and the Five Great Emperors of India, because he wanted to maintain the friendship between the two countries, for a long time; Tang Shaoyi, the right attendant of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and Tang Shaoyi, the Minister of Plenipotentiary and Plenipotentiary of the Great Emperor of Great Britain, who was sent by the Great Emperor of Great Britain to be stationed in China for convenient conduct, gave credit to wearing the first-class Mejili Bao Xing Sa Daoyi, and each of them will receive the orders of the Minister of Plenipotentiary to act conveniently, and read them to each other, all of which are properly. It is now agreed that the various articles are listed below: The first As annexes, they agree to abide by each other's obligations, and they will also attach the documents of ratification to this covenant. If necessary, they will always try to effectively handle the sections of this covenant. Section 2 The British state agrees not to occupy and not interfere in Xizang's territory and all politics. The Chinese state also agrees not to allow other foreign countries to interfere in Tibet and all its internal governance. Section 3 The rights declared in Section 4 of Section 9 of the Covenant made by the British and Tibetans on July 28, 1930 shall not be enjoyed by other countries and people except China. However, upon agreement with China, in the commercial ports specified in the second paragraph of this treaty, the United Kingdom shall set up wires to inform the interests in India. Paragraph 4 All the provisions contained in the two Tibet-India treaties concluded between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu, provided that there is no violation of this covenant and the annexes, shall be effectively implemented. Paragraph 5 This covenant is written in English and Chinese, which have been carefully revised to match, but the English language shall prevail at the time of defense. Paragraph 6 This covenant shall be approved by the great emperors of the two countries, and shall be exchanged in London for three months from the date of the drawing by the ministers of plenipotentiary of the two countries. This covenant shall be written in Chinese and English for four points each, a total of eight points, and the ministers of plenipotentiary of the two countries shall make the signature and seal it as evidence. Tang Shaoyi, the right The Minister of Plenipotentiary for Convenient Actions of the Great British Commissioners stationed in China was awarded the honor of wearing the first-class Maijili Baoxing Sa morality. On the fourth day of April in the thirty-second year of Guangxu, April 27, 1906 Western Calendar. The two Anglo-Tibetan treaties between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu were difficult to implement because of their significance; and the reconciliation between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu, but due to accidents, the relationship has not been reconciled; now I want to restore the old friendship, and all the difficult things have been resolved. Rong Hepeng, Minister of Border Affairs and Plenipotentiary of the British government, and the head of the Kartan Monastery, Luo Sheng Gar Zeng, and Ka Bulun and Sala, Biebang, and Kartan's three monasteries, Hutuktu, and the leaders of the Xizang Folk Church, on behalf of Xizang, agreed on the terms, which are listed below: The first paragraph Xizang agrees to abide by the treaty made by China and Britain in the 16th year of Guangxu, and also agrees to recognize the boundary between Zhe Mengxiong and Xizang as stipulated in the first paragraph of the covenant It is allowed to establish boundary stones in accordance with this paragraph. The second paragraph of Xizang allows Gyangzi, Kadak and Yadong to be opened as commercial ports, so that the British and Tibetan merchants can travel and trade freely. All the treaties concluded between China and the United Kingdom in the 19th year of Guangxu, all the provisions concerning Yadong shall also be implemented in Gyangzi and Kadak. However, if the British and Tibetans agree to change each other in the future, the three places shall be handled by amending the articles of association. Except for the establishment of a commercial port there, Xizang agrees that trade through all existing channels shall not be hindered, and if business is prosperous in the future, and that another commercial port shall be established at its discretion, it shall also be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned chapters. Paragraph 3 All changes in the Sino-British Treaty of the 19th year of Guangxu shall be subject to separate discretion. Xizang agrees to send officials in power to meet with officials appointed by the British government to make detailed changes. Paragraph 4 Xizang promises that no amount of tax shall be withdrawn except the taxes in the future tax plan. Section 5 Xizang shall allow all passages from the Indian border to Gyantse and Kadak to be not slightly obstructed, and shall be repaired at any time for secondary trade purposes; and in the commercial ports established in Yadong, Gyantse, Kadak and Japan, each of the Tibetans shall be sent to live, and the United Kingdom shall also send personnel to supervise the British commerce in each of these places. If you want to send official documents and letters to the Tibetan officials or the Chinese officials in Tibet, it is the responsibility of the Tibetans living in the commercial ports to receive the transfer. Replies and replies shall also be obliged to be properly delivered by this person. Clause 6: Because of the breach of contract by Xizang, the British sent troops to Lhasa to inquire; and because the British Border Secretary and his entourage were insulted and attacked, it was agreed to exchange 500,000 pounds of British gold and 7.5 million rupees of silver to the British government in Xizang to compensate for the replenishment fee and the disrespectful insult. This indemnity shall be paid at any time as determined by the British government or in Tibet, or on the ground of Darjeeling, Zara Baikuri, etc. It shall be paid in silver at 100,000 rupees on the first day of the first month of the Western calendar every year, and it shall be paid in seventy-five years. The British government shall give advance notice of where it shall be redeemed. The first issue shall be redeemed on the first day of January 1906 of the Western calendar. Subsection 7 After the above-mentioned indemnity has been paid in full, and after the commercial port referred to in Subsections 2, 3, 4, and 5 has been effectively opened for three years, the British government shall remain in Chumpi for the time being until the indemnity has been paid or the commercial port has been properly established for three years. Subsection 8 Xizang allows all batteries, counterfeit products, etc. from the Indian border to Gyangzi and Lhasa to be leveled, and all weapons that obstruct the passage shall be removed. Subsection 9 Xizang agrees to the following five ends, which shall not be held unless the British government first agrees: 1. Xizang land, no matter what foreign country, shall not be sold, leased or otherwise released. II. No foreign country is allowed to interfere in all matters of Xizang. III. No foreign country is allowed to send personnel or agents into Tibet. IV. No matter what kind of railway, road, wire, mineral or other rights are allowed to be enjoyed by all foreign countries or citizens of foreign nationalities; if such rights are allowed, the countervailing rights or the same rights shall be given to the British government. V. No foreign country or citizen of foreign countries shall be allowed to transfer mortgages or redeem goods or gold, silver and coins. Section 10 This covenant is to be repaired for a total of five points, and it shall be signed and stamped by the agreed members in Lhasa on July 28, Guangxu Jiachen year, that is, September 7, 1904 Western calendar. The British Minister of Border Affairs Rong Hepeng printed the seal of the Dalai Lama (this seal is the head of the Kartan Temple). The current statement of the members of the British and British Tibetans is that the covenant made today is in English. The British Minister of Border Affairs, Yung Hep Peng, Indo-Pen Rama's Seal (this is the seat of the Chief of the Kaldan Monastery), Kablun, Indo-Bang Monastery, Indo-Sera Monastery, Indo-Kaldan Monastery, Indo-Xizang Chief, Indo-Indian Governor-General Shir, signed by the Governor-General of India. The annexes are attached to the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty established on July 28, Guangxu 30th, September 7, 1904 Western Calendar, which has been ratified. On July 28, 1904, that is, September 7, 1904, the British Minister of Border Affairs, Rong Hepeng, on behalf of the British government, made an agreement with the head of the Kartan Monastery, Lo Sheng Gar Zeng, and the three monasteries of Ka Bulun, Salah, Biebang, and Kartan, and the leaders of the Xizang Folk Church, on behalf of Xizang, which is now approved by the Governor of India; and agreed to make the sixth clause of the contract, Xizang should compensate the British troops in Tibet, from 7.5 million rupees to 2.5 million rupees. It also declared that after the initial payment of the compensation stipulated in the contract, after three instalments of three years, the British troops sent to defend Chumpi can withdraw. Except that the commercial port established in the second paragraph of this covenant shall be opened in Xizang for three years in accordance with the seventh paragraph; and shall be carefully observed in accordance with the various sections of the covenant. This paragraph was signed by the Governor-General of India on November 11, 1904. Note by Frederick, Minister for External Affairs of the Government of India. For this treaty and the annex, see Customs Treaty, Vol. 1, pp. 652-660. The English text is in the same book, and the Chinese text is on the same page. This treaty was exchanged for ratifications in London on July 23, 1906.119 years ago today, on April 27, 1906 (April 4, 1906 in the lunar calendar), China and Britain renewed the Tibet-India Treaty. The Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty was a treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and the United Kingdom in Beijing on April 27, 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu) on Xizang affairs. It was a treaty amending the previous Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty. Treaty Introduction At the end of the 19th century, the imperialists set off a frenzy to carve up China, and there was a blatant argument in Britain for the annexation of Xizang. At this time, Russia was stepping up its infiltration of Xizang, sending a delegation to Tibet, especially using religious relations to win over the upper echelons of Xizang, and inciting hatred of Britain and pro-Russia. The United Kingdom tried its best to create public opinion for further aggression against Xizang in the name of preventing Russia from protecting India. It was no longer satisfied with the rights it had acquired in Xizang after the first war of invasion of Tibet, and wanted to move the commercial port from Asia to the north, and to use the survey of the border between Xizang and Zemengxiong to subdue the local authorities in Xizang. In July 1903, representatives of China and Britain and India held a meeting at Xizang Ganba Sect to discuss issues such as trade and borders. The British and Indians showed no sincerity and planned to solve the problem by war. In December 1903, the second British war of invasion of Tibet broke out. In August 1904, the British army invaded Lhasa. Dalai Lama XIII had left Lhasa and headed north through Qinghai. The British invaders forced some local officials in Xizang to sign the Lhasa Treaty (also known as the British-Tibetan Treaty) on September 7, which mainly contained: 1. Add Gyangzi and Kadak as commercial ports. Britain has the right to send personnel to each commercial port. 2. Except for the taxes in the future tax plan, no matter what is collected, it will not be drawn. 3. Xizang indemnity of 500,000 pounds. 4. British troops will remain in Chumpi until the indemnity is paid or the commercial port is properly established for three years at the latest. 5. Xizang promises to level all batteries, counterfeit products, etc. from the Indian border to Gyangzi and Lhasa, and remove all weapons that hinder the passage. 6. Xizang cannot sell, lease or otherwise give land to any foreign country without the permission of the British government. No foreign country is allowed to interfere in all matters of Xizang, and no personnel or agents are allowed to enter Tibet. No railway, road, wire, mineral or other rights are allowed to be enjoyed by foreign countries or people of foreign nationality. If this right is granted, the countervailing rights or the same rights shall be enjoyed by the British government. No imports from Xizang, or goods or gold, silver and coins, etc., are allowed to be transferred to foreign countries or people of foreign nationality. This treaty effectively made Xizang a British sphere of influence. The Qing government did not recognize it. This treaty also aroused strong dissatisfaction from other imperialist countries, especially Russia. Britain also believed that some of the provisions of the Lhasa Treaty went beyond the scope of "policy in the interests of the British Empire as a whole" and had to reopen negotiations with China. In February 1905, the Chinese and British sides held negotiations in Calcutta, India. The Chinese representative was Tang Shaoyi, the right-hand man of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the British representative was Felicia, the foreign secretary of the British and Indian governments. During the negotiations, Tang Shaoyi reiterated China's position on the Lhasa Treaty, insisted that Britain must recognize China's sovereignty over Xizang, and proposed to abolish the Lhasa Treaty and renegotiate the treaty between China and Britain. The British representative created the fallacy that China has only "suzerainty" over Xizang, and insisted on signing the contract on the terms drawn up by the British. Due to the completely different purposes of the negotiations between the two sides, no agreement was reached despite many meetings. In September, Tang Shaoyi was recalled to China, and Counselor Zhang Yintang succeeded him as Minister Plenipotentiary to continue negotiations, but there was still no progress. In November, the British side unilaterally suspended the negotiations. In April 1906 (the 32nd year of Guangxu), China and Britain resumed negotiations in Beijing. On the 27th, the Qing government signed the "Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty" with Britain on the condition that the British made concessions. The "Sino-British Renewal of the Tibet-India Treaty" consists of 6 articles, and the "Lhasa Treaty" is used as a supplementary contract. The main contents of the treaty are: Britain agrees not to occupy Tibet and not to interfere in all politics of Xizang. The Chinese state agrees not to allow him to interfere in Tibet and all its internal governance. The Treaty of Lhasa, which is an annex to this treaty, "mutually acknowledges and earnestly observes"; the rights stated in Section 4 of Article 9 shall not be enjoyed by other countries and people of other countries except China. However, after agreement with China, in the commercial ports specified in the second paragraph of the treaty, Britain shall set up wires to inform India of its interests in the territory. The Sino-British Renewal of the Treaty of Tibet and India actually affirmed China's sovereignty in Xizang, and was a blow to those who tried to divide the Chinese territory of Xizang. But it recognized many of Britain's aggressive interests and privileges in Xizang, and it was still an unequal treaty. The original text of the treaty was April 27, 1906, and the fourth day of the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Beijing. On February 27, 1616 and October 28, 1919, China and the United Kingdom concluded two Tibet-India treaties. Xizang did not consider the provisions contained in the treaties to be true, nor did he agree to abide by them. The British government could only try to protect the rights of the two treaties. On July 28, 1930, the ten clauses of the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty were concluded in Lhasa. Subsequent to the fifth day of October in the 30th year of Guangxu, the Governor-General of India on behalf of the British government approved the treaty, and attached the documents for the modification of the terms declared on that day; the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the Great Emperor of the Great Britain and the Five Great Emperors of India, because he wanted to maintain the friendship between the two countries, for a long time; Tang Shaoyi, the right attendant of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Great Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and Tang Shaoyi, the Minister of Plenipotentiary and Plenipotentiary of the Great Emperor of Great Britain, who was sent by the Great Emperor of Great Britain to be stationed in China for convenient conduct, gave credit to wearing the first-class Mejili Bao Xing Sa Daoyi, and each of them will receive the orders of the Minister of Plenipotentiary to act conveniently, and read them to each other, all of which are properly. It is now agreed that the various articles are listed below: The first As annexes, they agree to abide by each other's obligations, and they will also attach the documents of ratification to this covenant. If necessary, they will always try to effectively handle the sections of this covenant. Section 2 The British state agrees not to occupy and not interfere in Xizang's territory and all politics. The Chinese state also agrees not to allow other foreign countries to interfere in Tibet and all its internal governance. Section 3 The rights declared in Section 4 of Section 9 of the Covenant made by the British and Tibetans on July 28, 1930 shall not be enjoyed by other countries and people except China. However, upon agreement with China, in the commercial ports specified in the second paragraph of this treaty, the United Kingdom shall set up wires to inform the interests in India. Paragraph 4 All the provisions contained in the two Tibet-India treaties concluded between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu, provided that there is no violation of this covenant and the annexes, shall be effectively implemented. Paragraph 5 This covenant is written in English and Chinese, which have been carefully revised to match, but the English language shall prevail at the time of defense. Paragraph 6 This covenant shall be approved by the great emperors of the two countries, and shall be exchanged in London for three months from the date of the drawing by the ministers of plenipotentiary of the two countries. This covenant shall be written in Chinese and English for four points each, a total of eight points, and the ministers of plenipotentiary of the two countries shall make the signature and seal it as evidence. Tang Shaoyi, the right The Minister of Plenipotentiary for Convenient Actions of the Great British Commissioners stationed in China was awarded the honor of wearing the first-class Maijili Baoxing Sa morality. On the fourth day of April in the thirty-second year of Guangxu, April 27, 1906 Western Calendar. The two Anglo-Tibetan treaties between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu were difficult to implement because of their significance; and the reconciliation between China and the United Kingdom in the 16th and 19th years of Guangxu, but due to accidents, the relationship has not been reconciled; now I want to restore the old friendship, and all the difficult things have been resolved. Rong Hepeng, Minister of Border Affairs and Plenipotentiary of the British government, and the head of the Kartan Monastery, Luo Sheng Gar Zeng, and Ka Bulun and Sala, Biebang, and Kartan's three monasteries, Hutuktu, and the leaders of the Xizang Folk Church, on behalf of Xizang, agreed on the terms, which are listed below: The first paragraph Xizang agrees to abide by the treaty made by China and Britain in the 16th year of Guangxu, and also agrees to recognize the boundary between Zhe Mengxiong and Xizang as stipulated in the first paragraph of the covenant It is allowed to establish boundary stones in accordance with this paragraph. The second paragraph of Xizang allows Gyangzi, Kadak and Yadong to be opened as commercial ports, so that the British and Tibetan merchants can travel and trade freely. All the treaties concluded between China and the United Kingdom in the 19th year of Guangxu, all the provisions concerning Yadong shall also be implemented in Gyangzi and Kadak. However, if the British and Tibetans agree to change each other in the future, the three places shall be handled by amending the articles of association. Except for the establishment of a commercial port there, Xizang agrees that trade through all existing channels shall not be hindered, and if business is prosperous in the future, and that another commercial port shall be established at its discretion, it shall also be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned chapters. Paragraph 3 All changes in the Sino-British Treaty of the 19th year of Guangxu shall be subject to separate discretion. Xizang agrees to send officials in power to meet with officials appointed by the British government to make detailed changes. Paragraph 4 Xizang promises that no amount of tax shall be withdrawn except the taxes in the future tax plan. Section 5 Xizang shall allow all passages from the Indian border to Gyantse and Kadak to be not slightly obstructed, and shall be repaired at any time for secondary trade purposes; and in the commercial ports established in Yadong, Gyantse, Kadak and Japan, each of the Tibetans shall be sent to live, and the United Kingdom shall also send personnel to supervise the British commerce in each of these places. If you want to send official documents and letters to the Tibetan officials or the Chinese officials in Tibet, it is the responsibility of the Tibetans living in the commercial ports to receive the transfer. Replies and replies shall also be obliged to be properly delivered by this person. Clause 6: Because of the breach of contract by Xizang, the British sent troops to Lhasa to inquire; and because the British Border Secretary and his entourage were insulted and attacked, it was agreed to exchange 500,000 pounds of British gold and 7.5 million rupees of silver to the British government in Xizang to compensate for the replenishment fee and the disrespectful insult. This indemnity shall be paid at any time as determined by the British government or in Tibet, or on the ground of Darjeeling, Zara Baikuri, etc. It shall be paid in silver at 100,000 rupees on the first day of the first month of the Western calendar every year, and it shall be paid in seventy-five years. The British government shall give advance notice of where it shall be redeemed. The first issue shall be redeemed on the first day of January 1906 of the Western calendar. Subsection 7 After the above-mentioned indemnity has been paid in full, and after the commercial port referred to in Subsections 2, 3, 4, and 5 has been effectively opened for three years, the British government shall remain in Chumpi for the time being until the indemnity has been paid or the commercial port has been properly established for three years. Subsection 8 Xizang allows all batteries, counterfeit products, etc. from the Indian border to Gyangzi and Lhasa to be leveled, and all weapons that obstruct the passage shall be removed. Subsection 9 Xizang agrees to the following five ends, which shall not be held unless the British government first agrees: 1. Xizang land, no matter what foreign country, shall not be sold, leased or otherwise released. II. No foreign country is allowed to interfere in all matters of Xizang. III. No foreign country is allowed to send personnel or agents into Tibet. IV. No matter what kind of railway, road, wire, mineral or other rights are allowed to be enjoyed by all foreign countries or citizens of foreign nationalities; if such rights are allowed, the countervailing rights or the same rights shall be given to the British government. V. No foreign country or citizen of foreign countries shall be allowed to transfer mortgages or redeem goods or gold, silver and coins. Section 10 This covenant is to be repaired for a total of five points, and it shall be signed and stamped by the agreed members in Lhasa on July 28, Guangxu Jiachen year, that is, September 7, 1904 Western calendar. The British Minister of Border Affairs Rong Hepeng printed the seal of the Dalai Lama (this seal is the head of the Kartan Temple). The current statement of the members of the British and British Tibetans is that the covenant made today is in English. The British Minister of Border Affairs, Yung Hep Peng, Indo-Pen Rama's Seal (this is the seat of the Chief of the Kaldan Monastery), Kablun, Indo-Bang Monastery, Indo-Sera Monastery, Indo-Kaldan Monastery, Indo-Xizang Chief, Indo-Indian Governor-General Shir, signed by the Governor-General of India. The annexes are attached to the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty established on July 28, Guangxu 30th, September 7, 1904 Western Calendar, which has been ratified. On July 28, 1904, that is, September 7, 1904, the British Minister of Border Affairs, Rong Hepeng, on behalf of the British government, made an agreement with the head of the Kartan Monastery, Lo Sheng Gar Zeng, and the three monasteries of Ka Bulun, Salah, Biebang, and Kartan, and the leaders of the Xizang Folk Church, on behalf of Xizang, which is now approved by the Governor of India; and agreed to make the sixth clause of the contract, Xizang should compensate the British troops in Tibet, from 7.5 million rupees to 2.5 million rupees. It also declared that after the initial payment of the compensation stipulated in the contract, after three instalments of three years, the British troops sent to defend Chumpi can withdraw. Except that the commercial port established in the second paragraph of this covenant shall be opened in Xizang for three years in accordance with the seventh paragraph; and shall be carefully observed in accordance with the various sections of the covenant. This paragraph was signed by the Governor-General of India on November 11, 1904. Note by Frederick, Minister for External Affairs of the Government of India. For this treaty and the annex, see Customs Treaty, Vol. 1, pp. 652-660. The English text is in the same book, and the Chinese text is on the same page. This treaty was exchanged for ratifications in London on July 23, 1906.