27 years ago today, on February 9, 1998 (January 13, 1998 lunar calendar), a major breakthrough was made in the research of transgenic sheep in our country. All three goats are transgenic with human coagulation factor IX gene integration, and the one on the right has entered lactation and the milk contains human coagulation factor IX active protein. (Five transgenic goats with human coagulation factor IX gene integration have been obtained, one of which has secreted human coagulation factor IX active protein) In Shanghai Fengxin Animal Testing Ground, there is a unique dairy goat. The milk secreted by this goat contains the coagulation factor IX active protein required by hemophiliacs. This protein has been specially refined and will become a therapeutic drug for hemophiliacs. This shows that the research of transgenic sheep in our country has made a major breakthrough. This was announced by Professor Zeng Yitao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, at the meeting of the Academic Committee of the State Key Laboratory of the Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics on February 9, 1998. The "transgenic sheep research" undertaken by the Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics is a major high-tech project of the national "863" and a major project of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission. The Institute cooperated with the Institute of Genetics of Fudan University to conduct transgenic experiments on 119 sheep since the spring of 1996. A total of five transgenic goats integrated with the human coagulation factor IX gene were obtained, and one of them has entered the lactation stage. The use of transgenic animals to produce proteins and drugs is a new production model. It uses experimental methods to introduce the target gene into the animal body, integrate it with the animal's own genes, and make the product of the target gene secreted by the mammary gland, and can be passed on to future generations. Therefore, a transgenic animal is like a pharmaceutical factory, with low investment, fast effect and no pollution, which will bring a revolution to the biopharmaceutical industry. According to reports, countries around the world attach great importance to the research and development of transgenic animal technology. Some well-known large companies and large pharmaceutical companies in the world have also invested heavily in the research and development of new transgenic animal products and related technologies, and regard transgenic animal technology as an important breakthrough in the biomedical technology industry, in order to obtain huge economic benefits that other industries cannot achieve. The major breakthrough in mammalian asexual reproduction technology (cloning technology) has provided a new way for the rapid and large-scale reproduction of transgenic animals. The research of transgenic sheep is extremely difficult and the success rate is low. The difficulty lies in: the male pronucleus of fertilized eggs of livestock is not as clearly visible as that of experimental animals, the hit rate of microinjection is low; the integration rate of injected foreign genes is low; the conception rate of transferred embryos is low. In response to the above difficulties, the research group led by Professor Huang Shuframe actively explored and made three major breakthroughs in the technical route: conquered the in vitro sheep technology, accurately grasped the development rules of sheep embryos and the best time for fertilized egg microinjection, so that the survival rate of fertilized eggs after injection reached more than 95%; through embryo molecular identification, embryos with foreign gene integration were selected for transfer, so that the integration rate was theoretically increased to 100%; non-surgical embryo transfer technology was used, which greatly reduced the damage to the recipient ewes and made the conception rate reach 70%. According to this new route, only 2.5 sheep can be used to obtain a transgenic sheep, which is more than ten times more efficient than the international classic route. And transgenic sheep embryo transfer can be carried out in batches every month. This internationally pioneered technical route of transgenic sheep provides the foundation for the large-scale industrialization of transgenic animals. The blood, urine, milk, etc. of chickens, cows, sheep and other animals can become "bioreactors" that do not need to "kill the chicken to retrieve the eggs". Transforming "drug genes" and "vaccine genes" into these animals through transgenic technology can make them "pharmaceutical factories". China's transgenic sheep The world's first transgenic monkey, transgenic rabbit, transgenic cattle, and researcher Rising Sun Dry transgenic super mouse