On this day, 114 years ago, May 9, 1911 (April 11, 1911 in the lunar calendar), the Qing government announced that Sheng Xuanhuai, a railway state-owned enterprise, accepted loans from the four countries. On May 9, 1911, Sheng Xuanhuai, Minister of the Ministry of Post and Communications, the Qing government announced that the country's main railway roads would be nationalized, and all main roads negotiated by companies in various provinces three years before Xuantong would be taken back by the state. The news broke out and the whole country was shocked. The nationalized railway lines include: the Beijing-Han Line from Beijing to Hankou, the Guangdong-Han Line from Hankou to Guangzhou, the Beijing-Qia Line from Beijing to Chiktu via Zhangjiakou, the Dongtrunk Line from Beijing to Hunchun via Qiqihar, and the Sichuan-Han Line from Chengdu to Hankou. Among them, the Sichuan-Han Railway was vigorously fought for by the Sichuan gentry from 1903, and in 1907, it was changed to commercial operation with the approval of the Qing court. By 1909, the total stock collection of Sichuan Road reached more than 11.7 million taels of silver, and construction had begun on its Yichang to Wanxian section. The right to build the Guangdong-Han railway was fought by the gentry people in Hunan, Hubei, and Guangdong, and was purchased from the Quanxing Company of the United States in 1905. After that, the gentry people in the three provinces raised funds extensively and began to build it themselves. The trend of commercial railways across the country obviously hindered the interests of the great powers in China. Various countries repeatedly exerted pressure on the Qing government, accusing it of "conniving the people and making things difficult for foreigners" and making "China's future uncertain." A group of new foreign officials in the Qing government, represented by Sheng Xuanhuai, Minister of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, also advocated borrowing debt to build roads "as the first national salvation policy for our country." They began to plan to first state-owned the railway and then borrow debt to build roads. On May 20, Sheng Xuanhuai and the banking groups of the four countries of Britain, France, Germany and the United States formally signed the "Loan Contract for the Guangdong-Han Railway in Hubei and Hunan Provinces and the Sichuan-Han Railway in Hubei", borrowing 10 million pounds (6 million pounds in advance), with Lijin salt tax on the two lakes as a contribution. The contract stipulates that the Guangdong-Han Road will use the British chief engineer, the Sichuan-Han Road will use the American and German chief engineer, and the banking groups of the four countries will enjoy the right to build the No. 2 Road and the priority to continue investment in the extension of No. 2 Road. This move by the Qing court made the situation in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong and other places even more turbulent, and the gentry and people began to directly criticize the Qing court for betraying its country. Sichuan people pointed out: "This time, the road payment is the government's every effort to seize it from the people and give it to outsiders." The people of Guangdong reprimanded: "The railway is state-owned, but the loss of reserves will trust the world." "The country is ruined. Although the government wants to betray the country, we Cantonese cannot betray the country. Wang Wenwen, the nursing governor of Sichuan, also criticized the Qing court for "giving our country's sovereignty and road rights to four countries", which would lead to "civil strife and external troubles, and unimaginable disasters." Rallies were frequent across the country, and the Qing court's policies were widely condemned. Representatives of the four countries 'banking groups who participated in the Huguang Railway loan negotiations satirized the four countries' banking groups 'intention,"The Danger of the Railway"