On this day, 68 years ago, on April 27, 1957 (March 28, 1957), Ma Yinchu gave a speech on population issues. Ma Yinchu talks about population issues. In 1953, the Chinese mainland conducted the first census in history. The results showed that as of June 30, 1953, China's population totaled 601,938,035 people, and it is estimated that it will increase by 1, 2 million to 1, 3 million people every year, with a growth rate of 20 per thousand. The census attracted the attention of Ma Yinchu, a famous economist and president of Peking University, who expressed doubts about the results of the census. After three years of investigation and research, Ma Yinchu found that the annual growth rate of China's population was more than 22 per thousand, and in some places it even reached 30 per thousand, which was too high, so he wrote his research results into the article "Population Control and Scientific Research". In July 1955, the second session of the National People's Congress was held. Ma Yinchu used the written article as a speech and submitted it to the Zhejiang group of deputies to the National People's Congress for discussion and consultation. In February 1957, at the 11th (expanded) meeting of the Supreme State Council, Ma Yinchu once again expressed his own proposition on the issue of "population control": "Our socialism is a planned economy. If we do not include the population in the plan, cannot control the population, and cannot implement family planning, then it will not be a planned economy." Ma Yinchu's speech was immediately appreciated by Mao Zedong. On April 27, Ma Yinchu gave a speech on population issues in the dining room of Peking University, his first public academic speech in four or nine years. In the speech, Ma Yinchu recounted the results of several years of investigation and research. On the same day, "Ma Yinchu Talks about Population Issues" was published in Wen Wei Po. In June, Ma Yinchu submitted "New Population Theory" as a proposal to the Fourth Session of the National People's Congress (the full text was published in the People's Daily on July 5). The article discussed why population control is necessary, the importance and urgency of population control, and how to control population in ten aspects.