On this day, 371 years ago, on May 4, 1654 (March 18, 1654 lunar calendar), Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty was born in Jingren Palace. Emperor Shengzu of Qing Kangxi, named Aixinjueluo Xuanye (May 4, 1654, March 18, the eleventh year of Shunzhi - December 20, 1722, November 13, the sixty-one year of Kangxi), Emperor of Qing Dynasty, commonly known as Emperor Kangxi. On March 18, the eleventh year of Shunzhi (May 4, 1654), he was born in Jingren Palace, the Forbidden City, Beijing, the son of Concubine Tong. On November 13, the sixty-one year of Kangxi (December 20, 1722 AD), he died in Qingxi Bookstore, Changchun Garden, Beijing. He was 69 years old. He reigned for 61 years (1661-1722) and was the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history. Kangxi was the third son of Shunzhi, who was only eight years old when he succeeded to the throne. Shunzhi accepted Tang Ruowang's opinion and chose him as his successor because Kangxi had been immune to smallpox. Kangxi held a pro-government ceremony at the Hall of Taihe on the seventh day of July in his sixth year (1667). With the help of his grandmother, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Wen, in Kangxi's ninth year, he won the struggle against the minister of orders, Shubai, and began the stage of true pro-government. During Kangxi's reign, Wu Sangui and other San Francisco forces were removed (1673), Taiwan was unified (1684), Dzungar Khan Geldan Rebellion (1688-1697) was quelled, and Tsarist Russia's invasion of the Heilongjiang Valley was successfully expelled. He built a summer resort in Jehe, northeast of the capital, and used it as a place for the mongol, Xizang, Kazakh and other princes and nobles to meet. Soon after Emperor Kangxi was in power, he announced that he would stop land enclosures and relax the tax-free period for reclaiming wasteland. He also started to rectify the administration of officials, and restored the assessment system of Beijing inspection and grand plan (Qing). In order to prevent being deceived by his ministers, Kangxi also personally went to Beijing to visit and understand the public affairs and governance. The most famous of these was six southern tours, in addition to three eastern and one western tours, and hundreds of inspections of Jinggi and Mongolia. He also personally inspected the Yellow River, inspected river engineering, and ordered the renovation of the Yongding River. Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to the preferential treatment of Han intellectuals. He held many learned and Confucian studies, established the South Study System, and visited the Confucian Temple in Qufu. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars, and maps such as "Kangxi Dictionary", "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books", "History of History and Imagery", "Mathematical and Physical Essence", "Kangxi Eternal Calendar", "Kangxi Emperor Yu Overview" and other books, calendars, and maps. However, on the other hand, Kangxi also had conservative and outdated aspects. He opened the sea ban in the unification of Taiwan, but explicitly banned trade with Southeast Asia due to concerns about Migu leaving the country. He advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism. In addition, in the 50th year of Kangxi (1711), there was also an incident in the literary prison of Dai Mingshi's "Nanshan Collection". In the 13th year of Kangxi, the second son of Emperor Kangxi, who was born to the empress, was the prince, but for decades, the prince was abolished due to his own quality problems and his establishment of a party in the dynasty. After abolishing the crown prince, the princes coveted the throne, and the contradictions became more acute. Therefore, the crown prince was abolished and re-established, but Kangxi still could not tolerate his party formation, and three years later, he abolished the crown prince again. Finally, when Kangxi was on his deathbed in the 61st year, he passed on the throne to the fourth son of the emperor, Yinzhen. There are various reasons for the succession to Yinzhen. Some people think that Kangxi hoped that the shrewd and capable Yinzhen could vigorously reform the leniency of the last years of Kangxi. Others think that Kangxi passed on the throne to him because he loved the fourth son of Yinzhen, Hongli (the future Qianlong Emperor). There are also legends that the ministers of the order, Loncoldo and Yinzhen, used the edict. In any case, this succession dispute is one of the famous strange cases in Chinese history. During Kangxi's reign, he was called "the prosperous age of Kangxi" by He was buried in Malanyu, Zunhua, Zhili Province, with the mausoleum name Jingling. Kangxi had 35 sons and 20 daughters, of which only 24 sons and 7 daughters survived to adulthood.