On this day, 123 years ago, on April 8, 1902 (March 1, 1902 in the lunar calendar), Russia and the Qing government signed the China-Russia Treaty on the Settlement and Repossession of the Three Eastern Provinces. On April 8, 1902, Resal, a representative of the Tsarist Russian government, and Wang Wenshao, a representative of the Qing government, signed the Sino-Russian Treaty on the Settlement of the Three Eastern Provinces in Beijing. The treaty has four articles: 1. All parts of the three northeastern provinces "will remain under the territory of China and under the governance of China officials, just as before the Russian army occupied it." 2."If there are no more incidents and the actions of other countries are not contained," all Russian troops will withdraw from the Northeast in three phases within a year and a half. 3. Before the Russian army withdraws, the number and location of China troops in the three northeastern provinces must be agreed with the Russian officers; after the Russian army withdraws, China's troops in the three northeastern provinces should be increased or reduced, and Russia should be kept informed at all times. 4. The Qing government should compensate Russia for returning the railways along Shanhaiguan, Yingkou and Xinmintun. The final signing of the treaty went through a long bargaining process. In 1900, tsarist Russia sent troops to join the Eight-Power Allied Forces and took the opportunity to occupy the three northeastern provinces. On January 24, 1901, after the intervention of various major powers and the refusal of the Qing government, Tsarist Russia announced the abolition of the "Provisional Charter for the Transfer of Land from Fengtian." Later, Tsarist Russia proposed a contract aimed at monopolizing the three northeastern provinces, seizing military power, power, and official appointment and removal power in Northeast China, and expanding the scope of influence from Northeast China to Outer Mongolia and northern provinces, requiring the Qing government to formally sign the contract, but the Qing court refused. Tsarist Russia then asked the Qing government to sign a contract with Daosheng Bank, on the condition that the Qing government guaranteed Daosheng Bank that Russia would withdraw its troops from Northeast China if any railway or industrial lease rights in the three northeastern provinces were not allowed to be granted to other countries without the bank's consent. This plan can directly monopolize the finance and all leasing rights of the three northeastern provinces, so Britain, Japan, the United States and other countries firmly oppose it. On January 3, 1902, Britain and Japan formed an alliance against Russia. The United States sent a letter to Russia on February 3 to oppose Dow Seng Bank's monopoly of economic rights and interests in the three northeastern provinces. Germany and France also expressed their opposition directly or indirectly. On February 12, Russia received notice from the Qing government that refused to sign a banking contract. Tsarist Russia was forced to give in.