Babur the Great

On February 14, 1483, Babur the Great, the founding monarch of the Mughal Empire of India, was born.

character brief introduction

Babur, whose full name is Zahir Ouddin Muhammad Babur, is the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India and the sixth direct grandson of Timur. Babur was born in Fergana, Central Asia, and is a Turkic. Babur was born in 1482 to a Mongolian noble family in the Timur Empire of Central Asia. Babur is the descendant of two of the world's most famous conquerors: his father was a descendant of the Turkic Mongols of the Kian Balas tribe, and his mother was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Babur himself was a man of extraordinary energy and extreme sensitivity. He earned the nickname "Tiger" for his dazzling martial arts.

Fergana succeeded to the throne in 1494. Samarkand was captured in 1497. In 1501, he was defeated by the Uzbeks and fled to Kabul. In 1510, Xibani Khan was defeated and killed. Babur took the opportunity to ally with the Safavid Empire and fight back to Samarkand. Unable to win the support of the people, Babur once again retreated to Kabul. Entered North India in 1519. In 1526, the Sultan Army of Delhi was defeated at the Battle of Panipat, and in 1527, the coalition army of Indian princes was defeated west of Agra. In 1529, the Afghan leader who defeated Bihar in Patna. Eventually the Mughal Empire was established.

mainly experienced

After the fall of the Timurid Empire, the emperor Babur, after being expelled from the river, crossed the mountains into Afghanistan, captured Kabul, established a small dynasty in Kabul, and now he led the army lent to him by Ismael in a hurry back into the river and successfully entered the city of Samarkan (October 1511). After Samarkan, Bukhara opened its doors to him again, and the Mongol Uzbeks retreated to Tashkent. Babur went to occupy Tashkent and became the ruler of Tashkent and Central Asia. With the Iranian victory in Khorasan as a pillar, the restoration of the Timurid dynasty in the river seems to be completed. Now, however, Babur began to encounter unexpected difficulties. The Persians whom he had turned to and accepted his suzerainty were the Ten-Leaf Muslims. The Sunni inhabitants of Bukhara and Samarkan rebuked him for negotiating with heretics and cut ties with him, and their religious zeal was stronger than their loyalty to the kings of the Timur dynasty. Encouraged by these religious disturbances, the Uzbeks made a comeback. The Persian general Najim Shani and Babur fought them in a great battle in the Gulf of Gaja north of Bukhara, and were defeated this time (December 12, 1512). Najim was killed. Babur gave up all attempts on the river and retreated to his kingdom of Kabul, from which he set out seven years later to conquer India. Therefore, Bukhara, Samarkan, and the entire river region were transferred to the Mongol Uzbeks.

Frustrated by his attempts to expand his territory in Central Asia, Babur set his sights on the disenchanted and fractured Delhi sultanate in the south. It was then that Babur had a convenient excuse: the governor of Punjab invited him to send troops to "rescue" him from his lord sultan. So he went to "jihad" in the south.

By 1510, Babur had already ruled northern India. In 1525, Babur went south to attack India, captured Delhi the following year, defeated the Indian princes repeatedly, conquered most of northern India, and established the Mughal Empire (1526-1857). Babur, like his grandfather Timur, began to fight throughout the Indian subcontinent, and in a short time occupied most of the Indian peninsula. After that, after a difficult choice, absorbing the lessons of his ancestor Timur, instead of grabbing and leaving like Timur, he stayed and established a new country. In addition, he used the method of "India to rule India", and divided the unconquered territory in the northern part of the Indian peninsula to every feudal lord of India, no matter what method they used, as long as they administered it, it was their territory. Soon, northern India was basically unified. The last two hardest bones were left: one was the Rajput people, and the other was the military chiefs of the former Rhodi dynasty in various parts of Afghanistan. The Rajput people were brave and brave, and they were not afraid of sacrifice. They took their corpses as the supreme honor of men. The leader of the Rajput people, Rana Sanga, was a veteran strategist with more than 80 wounds on his body. He had been blinded in one eye, broken in one arm, and crippled in one leg. He was disabled and always charged ahead. In the spring of 1527, Babur and Rana Sanga exchanged fire. After a very fierce fight, Rana Sanga was seriously wounded, with 13 more wounds on his body, and the total number of injuries on his body exceeded 100 yuan. Nonetheless, the Rajput were eventually defeated by Babur. The following year, Mahmud called 100,000 Afghan coalition forces in Bihar to prepare for a battle with Babur. At the confluence of the Ganges and the Gachora Rivers, the two armies opened the battlefield. Babur himself commanded the Mongols to cross the Gachora River under the cover of strong artillery fire, and divided their troops to attack the enemy. The two armies met and the brave won, the Afghans collapsed across the board, and Mahmud fled to Bengal. This battle became the last battle of Babur's life. On December 26, 1530, Babur died young at the age of 48. Author of "Babur's Memoirs". In the course of his life's campaigns, Babur occupied a large territory from the Gachora River in the east, the Amu Darya River in the west, Gwalior in the south, and the Himalayas in the north. His life was extremely difficult. From childhood, he fought against heaven and earth every day, and even more against man. For 40 years. Every day he figured out how to carry out effective attacks, defenses, transfers and retreats. He spent his life thinking hard about conquering others and saving himself. He used his extraordinary energy and supreme wisdom to lay a vast empire, although it was not half completed.

Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was a feudal autocratic dynasty established in India by Babur, a descendant of the Turkicized Mongolian Timur. In the heyday of the empire, its territory included almost the entire South Asian subcontinent and Afghanistan. The superstructure of the Mughal Empire was Muslim, the foundation was Hinduism, and Persian was the language of court, public affairs, diplomacy, literature and upper society.

After the collapse of the Timur Empire, Babur, a descendant of the royal family, led an army to invade the South Asian subcontinent to establish the Mughal Empire. The empire once declined during the period of his son Humayong, and later entered its heyday during the period of the third emperor Akbar. During this period, the Mughal Empire implemented a policy of cultural integration and religious tolerance, but this policy was abandoned due to rebellion during the fourth emperor Jahangir. By the time of the fifth emperor Shah Jahan, the Mughal Empire was unprecedentedly powerful. However, due to internal disputes caused by Shah Jahan's extensive construction and heavy taxes, Shah Jahan was overthrown by his son Orangzeb in 1657. The territory of the Mughal Empire reached its largest during the Aurangzeb period, but a series of problems left over from the Shah Jahan period led to the decline of the Mughal Empire.

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, colonial empires such as the British Empire, the French Colonial Empire, the Dutch Colonial Empire, and the Portugal Colonial Empire competed for colonies in India. In the end, Britain won, making the Mughal Emperor a puppet. In 1858, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom was awarded the title of Queen of India, British India was established, and the Mughal Dynasty died.