28 years ago today, on March 18, 1997 (February 10, 1997 lunar calendar), the tomb robbing of Zhao Wangling in Handan. Modern tomb robbing is completely different from the past. Not only have the tools and delivery methods of tomb robbing changed a lot, but the means and organizational forms of tomb robbing are also very different. Division of labor and cooperation, mobile crime, inter-provincial interaction, production, supply and sales are one-stop. The boss organizes tomb robbing and is responsible for receiving goods, and the concept of commercial operation is introduced into the tomb robbing circle. In the spring of 1997, on March 18, a group of tomb robbers targeted Zhao Wangling! In the middle of the night, a mobile tomb robbing gang composed of more than 10 criminals dug Zhao Wangling, and they selected the No. 2 tomb. The leader who organized this tomb robbery is Yang Wei, a cultural relics dealer from Beijing, Lao Jianghu, known as "Lao Yang". The main members include Sun Jinlong, Liu Xiaomin, Geng Shuanghe, Wang Chunbao, etc. They are friends with each other and have cooperated many times before. They are from Shanxi and Henan, respectively, and are veteran tomb robbers. (Cultural Relics Market) Others are hired as "temporary workers", but in Yang Wei's eyes they are miners. These "miners" are also in contact with each other at ordinary times. They come when they have a job, and they do their own things when they don't have work. Yang Wei calls tomb robbing "mining" and regards the digging of Zhao Wangling as mining, so he regards those who do hard work as "miners". When they "mined", they first used explosives to blast King Zhao out of a big hole, and then went down the hole to dig manually, which saved time and effort. They rested during the day and dug at night. When the sky was bright, they disguised themselves as flash people, and came back at night to work again. The palace cave of Zhao Wangling was very deep, and they didn't find anything after digging for 10 days. The "miners" hired were a little discouraged and asked the boss Yang when he could dig something. Yang Wei said, you just dig, and when the time comes, a copper plate will not be dug out. What you deserve will not be less, and everyone will not be able to do it for nothing. (Stealing holes) Yang Wei has been messing with antiques for a long time, and has links with overseas cultural relics smuggling, so he has money. Then, this one dug for another week and entered the tomb. At 3 am on April 7, it was shipped. At that time, Sun Jinlong, who entered the tomb, was the first to dig out a hard lump. He dug out the soil with his hands and found that it was a bronze horse. Liu Xiaomin and Geng Shuanghe, who were next to him, also dug up two hard lump, and when they dug it open, they found that it was also a bronze horse. As soon as they saw the shipment, the people below were excited, and their energy also came up, and they dug up more than 200 cultural relics (pieces) such as the golden waist plate, the jade gui, the bronze animal face auxiliary head, and the components of the carriage and horse. Among them, there are many jade pieces, which are from the jade clothes of the Jinlou. (The golden waist plate is not related to this article) The golden waist plate was shoveled out by Geng Shuanghe from the soil, and it shone with a flashlight, and the golden light shone. It's time to go up. Sun Jinlong, who has a very good brain and is experienced, has an extra mind: these things cannot be taken with him, so he motioned for Liu Xiaomin and Geng Shuanghe who came down together to take only the copper horses, etc., and bury the rest below. This practice is called "keeping one hand" in the circle, and it used to be called "eating private", which is the saying "only swallowing" and "intercepting". In order to prevent the people below from eating private, in the past, the boss would arrange the most reliable core personnel to come down when shipping, and they would come to the scene in person when it was convenient, and would not let ordinary people pick up the goods. This was the case when Sun Dianying stole the Qingdongling Mausoleum, and his cronies opened the coffin when they arrived at the underground palace. However, Yang Wei and Sun Jinlong are just "friends", not "brothers", so there are two hearts between them Archaeological site) Yang Wei was the boss and wouldn't go down. It was too dangerous. He was guarding the tomb robbing entrance above, saying that he was in charge of looking out for the wind, but it was easy to escape when he was found. In addition to looking out for the wind, there were also people above who were responsible for inputting fresh air into the cave twenty or thirty meters deep to prevent the accomplices below from being deprived of oxygen. After burying the intercepted good things, Sun Jinlong and the others climbed out of the robbing cave with a bronze horse and climbed out of the rope. When they were approaching the entrance of the cave, Sun Jinlong deliberately told Yang Wei above that the goods had been shipped and brought up. Yang Wei was very happy when he heard that he finally didn't do it in vain after digging for more than half a month. Pay attention to one detail, Sun Jinlong and the others did not hand the goods to the hole with a rope first, but brought them up with them. This is the unspoken rule in the tomb robbing circle. (Robbing holes up and down with ropes) The phenomenon of black eating black in the tomb robbing circle is very common. If the treasure is handed up first, if the accomplice above becomes greedy, the accomplice below may die and will be killed. This phenomenon of "killing the accomplice" is not uncommon in archaeology. In ancient tomb robbers or tombs, the bones of tomb robbers can be found from time to time. For example, in the archaeology of the tombs of the Xixia kings in Ningxia, it was found that there were two ancient tomb robbers in the tomb, and one of them had a hole in the skull. It is speculated that it was smashed by the accomplice with bricks and stones at that time. Yang Wei saw that there were 3 bronze horses and 1 bronze shop head. Although he was secretly happy in his heart, his expression was very calm. Taking it lightly, he said, "This, I think it's a golden thread jade coat." (Bronze horse, not related to this article) Why did Yang Wei react this way? Here is another rule, pulling partners to rob tombs, including buying tools for grave robbing, eating, drinking, accommodation, round-trip transportation, and all other expenses related to tomb robbing, are the responsibility of the organizer, and the goods dug up belong to him. Unless he doesn't want it, whoever dug it will belong to him. But after getting the goods, he has to estimate and value them to see if they are valuable, so as to pay for the "goods", that is, pay for them (wages). So Yang Wei was careless after seeing the goods and took it lightly. But when they heard Yang Wei casually mention the golden thread jade clothes, Sun Jinlong and the others were taken aback, thinking that he knew about the private things below. (Jade clothes, jade plug) After Yang Wei received the goods, he took out thousands of yuan from his body and stuffed it into Sun Jinlong and the others. Although the money was less, and he had worked for more than ten days, Sun Jinlong did not say much. After receiving the money, he disguised the theft hole and cleaned it on the spot, and then told Yang Wei to go back to his hometown in Shanxi. After leaving separately, Sun Jinlong and his gang quietly turned back, went down to the tomb, and took out the 209 jade pieces and gold waist medals that were buried privately. Only then did they really rush to Houma's hometown in Shanxi - if they had to leave quickly, if they were discovered by the police or Yang Wei reacted, they would not be able to leave. (Tomb robbing to check the cave theft, has nothing to do with this article) Seeing this, some netizens may ask, how do you know so much detail? Did you make it up? It's not made up, it was explained by the tomb robbing gang after they were arrested by the Handan police in Hebei. Yang Wei and his gang stole Zhao Wangling, which can be said to be unknowingly. It was only after half a year that the local police found out, and the stolen cultural relics had long been smuggled abroad. What happened? There is a lot of story in it. The following "Phoenix Play Under the Sycamore Tree" headline will continue to say. (Archaeological Site) Zhao Wangling under Handan City Zhao Wangling is located in Handan, Hebei Province, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Handan is a place with a history and a story. The word "Handan" alone is very cultural. It has been used for three thousand years and has not been renamed. Why did Handan get its name? The most popular saying is that it was named after the mountain. "Han Shu ¡¤ Geographical Chronicles" records that "Handan Mountain is under the East City. Shan, do it, the city outline is from Yi, so add Yi Yun." It means that Handan is at the end of Handan Mountain, which was called "Shan" in ancient times. Handan Mountain ends here, naturally "Dan Dan". ( Handan Ancient City) Another way of saying that the word "Handan" was written as "Gan Dan" in the early days, the sunrise was "Gan", and the mountains were "Shan". The name "Gan Dan" refers to the place of sunrise and sunset. Handan is indeed an unusual place. This "unusual" should have officially started in 386 BC. In this year, Zhao Jinghou moved the capital of Zhao State from Zhongmu (now Hebi, Henan Province) to Handan, and Handan began the 158-year history of the capital of Zhao State and became one of the most important cities in northern China during the Warring States Period. Especially during the period of the Wuling King, Zhao State practiced Hu suit riding and shooting, and Handan became the "reform capital" of China at that time. The limelight was unparalleled. Zhao State jumped to become one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period", on an equal footing with Qin, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Qin. (During the Warring States Period, Zhao State's territory was very large.) Although Zhao Jinghou was not as influential as the later Zhao Wuling King, he made outstanding contributions to Handan. He not only made Handan the capital of the country, but also left Handan the first royal mausoleum. Zhao Jinghou died after 12 years in power, and his son ascended the throne. This is Zhao Chenghou. Zhao Chenghou buried Zhao Jinghou at the east foot of Zishan, 20 kilometers away from the urban area of Handan. Since then, the nobles of Zhao State have been buried in this area after their deaths. The capital of Zhao, Handan, has experienced eight generations of Marquis Jinghou, Marquis Chenghou, Marquis Su, King Wuling, King Huiwen, King Xiaocheng, King Mourning Xiang, and King Youmiao. Except for the last King Youmiao who surrendered to Qin and may be buried in a foreign land, the other seven are buried in Handan. (Zhao Wangling) Together with the burials of other dignitaries and later dynastic nobles, Handan is rich in underground burial resources. Like Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places, Handan, Hebei has never stopped grave robbers from ancient times to the present. Now there are still five relatively concentrated mausoleums at the eastern foot of Zishan, all of which are called "Zhao Wangling". Among them, there are three large tombs in the original Handan County. During the archaeological investigation, they were numbered from east to west and were numbered No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 respectively; there were two large tombs in the original Yongnian County, numbered No. 4 and No. 5. Among the five tombs, No. 1 has the largest existing soil seal. As for which King Zhao was buried in these tombs, it is now impossible to tell. (Zhao Wangling) The Tombs of King Zhao are the most important royal tombs in Hebei Province. They are now a national key cultural relics protection unit and are specially protected by the local cultural relics department.