On this day, 74 years ago, on January 22, 1951 (December 15, 1950, the American inventor of the perm, Nessler, passed away. Perm makes women more beautiful Perm makes women more beautiful January 22, 1951. Charles Nessler, the inventor of the perm, has died at the age of 78. The American Women's Volunteer Service Organization awarded Nessler two years ago for her work in starting the beauty industry and beautifying women's appearance. His business name Nestlay is a fraction of the name of Nestlay Lay Moore. In 1928, Nessler sold his company to the Lay Moore Company of the Cleveland area. Nessler began working as a barber and surgeon in Switzerland. He went to London in 1905, and nine years later he used a device to perm his hair. Once the hair is loose enough to retain moisture, he applies a hot alkaline solution to keep it curled. The story of Carl Nessler invented perm. People's pursuit of beauty is endless. Even naturally straight hair wants to make ripples. So when do people start perming? It is said that the ancient Egyptians first tried perming. At that time, women curled their hair on wooden sticks, applied it with alkaline mud containing a large amount of borax, dried it in the sun and washed off the mud, and the hair would appear beautiful swirls. The ancient Romans used an empty cylinder with a hot stick inserted in the middle to curl hair... Later, people began to use chemical technology to do curling hair, but the chemicals used in curling hair were very corrosive and were very harmful to skin and hair, and gradually The ground was eliminated. Straight Hepburn and curly Monroe each have their own customs. Today, we can handle our hair at will thanks to the "father of perm"-Carl Nessler. In the early 19th century, this German guy left his hometown and came to France, a fashionable country, to learn haircutting from a barber named Marcel Graté. Nessler was smart and studious and was very popular with his master. Gratai taught him curling skills. Nessler learned quickly and discovered the flaw: the wavy hair that was rolled up only lasted for a short time, and the wavy hair disappeared after a few washes or combs. The attentive Nessler began to wonder how to make the curls last for a long time. Absorbing the accumulation of his predecessors and the experience passed on by his master, Nessler vaguely felt that he would have to apply some chemicals on his hair to fix it. In practice, Nessler found that spraying some alkaline solution on the hair and then rolling it up with a hot metal cylinder can keep it for a longer time. Nessler later left France for England, where he found a job in a barber shop in London. With the boss's consent, he began to experiment with the perming method he had invented. In order to reduce corrosion to the scalp, Nessler used a traditional alkaline paste (substances like sodium hydroxide). However, the initial attempt ended in failure and was almost kicked out by the boss. Why? It turned out that the curling curlers used by Nessler were made of brass and each weighed almost a kilogram. It was a torture for the permer to sit in boredom for hours with such a heavy curling roller on his head. In addition, the scorching heat during the perm process is also unbearable for people. This immature technology will naturally not be recognized by everyone. Carl Nessler and his perming tool Although Nessler's invention was denied, he did not give up. His wife, Catherine, was also very supportive and was willing to be his guinea pig. In an experiment, Nessler burned his hair and his scalp twice. Despite this, she is still full of confidence in her husband. Finally, with the efforts of two people, in 1909, Nessler's hair curling machine was patented. The method he invented is called spiral heating method. First, the customer's hair is rolled on the threads of a stick, coated with paste, placed in the hot air pipe, and heated with electricity. In order to fix the hair, it is usually heated to 100 ° C or higher until the hot air fumigates the hair. Nessler also took a hook to hang the alkali paste and heating rods on a tree decorative light. In this way, not only can it ensure normal power supply, but also because the heating rod cannot contact the scalp, burns are avoided. However, this invention did not make Nessler's life brilliant. Because of his German identity, he was sentenced to prison and his property confiscated during the First World War. After he fled to the United States under a false name and established his own business chain, he suffered from the Great Recession of 1929 and was close to bankruptcy. After finally surviving the war, short hair became fashionable again. People no longer liked long curly hair until Nessler died in 1951, and short hair was popular. In 1943, a factory in the United States provided free perm to reduce absenteeism. After the 1960s, perm finally returned to the fashion world. In the 1980s, perm entered its heyday. Nowadays, perming has become the norm. Most people, especially young girls, have permed their hair more or less. Although perm can damage hair quality, it still cannot stop people from pursuing beauty. Similarly, although Nessler's fate has been tortuous, he will always be remembered in history as the "father of perm".