On this day 142 years ago, on April 25, 1883 (March 19, 1883 lunar calendar), the former Soviet Marshal Semyon Mikhailovich Buyonny was born. On April 25, 1883, Buyonny was born into a poor peasant family in southern Russia. His childhood was bitter. Heavy labor and living with poor people created Buyonny's cheerful, brave and determined character. In the autumn of 1903, Buyonny was conscripted into the army and became a proud cavalry for young people. In January of the following year, he came to Northeast China with the 46th Regiment of Don Cossack Cavalry to participate in the Russo-Japanese War. After the war, he was transferred to the Littoral Dragoons, stationed near Vladivostok (Vladivostok). In January 1907, he was sent to study at the Petersburg Cavalry School. After graduating in 1908, he returned to the Dragoons. During World War I, he fought in Poland, Germany, Austria, and the Caucasus. After the February Revolution in Russia in 1917, Bujonny was unanimously elected chairperson of the company committee, chairperson of the regiment committee at the regiment general meeting, and then vice-chairperson of the division committee. While stationed in Minsk, he met Volonz, the leader of the Western Front Bolshevik Party organization. Furongzhi had a significant impact on the formation of Bujoni's worldview and the choice of life path. After the October Revolution broke out, the soldiers' committee of the Caucasian cavalry division made a decision to demobilize and disband the division. Bujoni returned to his hometown in November of that year. Soon, he established Soviet power there with his comrades. Subsequently, Bujoni, with his high sense of responsibility for consolidating the new Soviet regime and his passion for military life, formed cavalry guerrillas in his hometown. Due to his efforts, the army gradually expanded into cavalry regiments and cavalry brigades. During the Battle of Tsaritsyn, Buyonny commanded a cavalry brigade to defeat the enemy. He showed his talents as an outstanding cavalry commander. He was appreciated by Stalin, the top leader of the Communist Party in the Tsaritsyn region, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The army was expanded into the First Cavalry Corps. As the commander, he, together with the military and political commissar Voroshilov, artillery director Kulik, division commanders Timozingo, Rokosovsky, and commander Zhukov, became Stalin's most trusted generals in the Red Army. The First Cavalry Army in the Civil War In the summer of 1919, Denikin's White Guards launched a frenzied attack on the Soviet Republic. The Red Army was forced to retreat to the hinterland, and the southern front became the main battlefield. At this time, Buchani commanded the newly built cavalry army to crush the main force of Wrangel's White Guard north of Tsaritsyn and defeat Suturov's troops. Then, with a clever maneuver, the Cossack cavalry divisions under the command of Mamontov and Shkuro, who had inserted themselves into the rear of the Red Army's southern front, occupied the important town of Voronezh with a crushing blow, thus closing a gap of 100 kilometers in the Red Army's positions in the strategic direction of Moscow. In recognition of Buchani's achievements in this operation, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee once again awarded him the Order of the Red Banner and the Revolutionary Honor Weapon. Soon, he became the commander of the Soviet 1st Cavalry Group and became one of the famous generals of the Soviet Civil War. Buchani's 1st Cavalry Army, known as the "fist" unit that won the civil war, was used for strategic maneuvers on many fronts. In late 1919 and early 1920, the Red Army launched a general offensive against Denikin's army. Buchani's 1st Army formed rapid campaign strategic groups and launched rapid assaults in the direction of Kharkiv, Donbass, Rostov and the Sea of Azov, dividing Denikin's main force into two parts. In February 1920, Buchani was defeated in the Caucasus. Since Buchani believed that the disintegration of the 1st Cavalry Army was due to persecution by Tukhachevsky, the commander of the Caucasus Front Army at the time, the officers of the 1st Cavalry Army represented by Buchani have since become enemies with Tukhachevsky. In April and May 1920, under the planning of Stalin, the then chairperson of the Southwest Military Commission, the reformed Buchani troops did not use railway rapid transportation, but chose to cross the country for more than 1,000 kilometers, and fought with Makhno on the way to train recruits. As a result, it took 50 days until Tukhachevsky, who had been transferred to the commander of the Western Front, failed to attack the Polish army. He then jumped from Maikop in the North Caucasus to Uman in Ukraine and joined the Southwest Front to fight against the Polish army. On June 5, the main force of the Bujumoni Concentrated Army broke through the strong defensive positions of the Polish 2nd Army in one fell swoop, and broke into the enemy at a depth of 120-140 kilometers with lightning speed. He advanced to the rear of the Polish 3rd Army and forced the Polish army to withdraw from Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, on June 11, thus laying the foundation for the expulsion of the Polish army from the Soviet territory. Commenting on the role of the 1st Cavalry Army, Furongzhi said: "No other unit in our army can so fully, so vividly, so profoundly reflect in themselves and their actions the full character of the civil war, the nature of the entire Red Army, and its battles will forever be recorded in the annals of cavalry." During the subsequent Warsaw campaign, as Tukhachevsky said that his Western Front had beaten Warsaw, the Buchonne 1st Cavalry Group, which was the vanguard of the Southwest Front, turned to attack Lviv in the southwest. As a result, Tukhachevsky was defeated in Warsaw. The question of responsibility for the defeat was debated for a long time, which caused a bad relationship between the two front generals and laid the foreshadowing of the great purge. In 1920, the First Cavalry Army swept through southern Ukraine and Crimea again, completely wiping out Wrangel's White Guards and successfully ending the civil war. During the period from 1930 to 1933, Buchani and his cavalry swept through Kazakhstan, followed by famine, and many uninhabited mountain villages (Aur) appeared in Kazakhstan. Therefore, in the Soviet era, there was not a single collective farm named after Buchani, and not a single picture of him could be seen. After the civil war ended in peacetime, Buchani actively participated in the construction of the Red Army. Member and Deputy Commander of the Revolutionary Military Committee of the North Caucasus Military District, Assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants (in charge of cavalry), Member of the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Soviet Union, Director of the Cavalry of the Workers and Peasants Red Army, Commander of the Moscow Military District, Member of the General Military Committee of the Soviet People's Commissariat for National Defense, Deputy People's Commissariat for National Defense and First Deputy People's Commissariat for National Defense. In 1935, together with Voroshilov, Tukachevsky, Yegorov, and Breuchel, he was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. During this period, he made an indelible contribution to the construction of He carefully studied and summarized the experience of the First World War and the Civil War, actively participated in the compilation of the multi-volume "History of the Civil War of the Soviet Union", and wrote books such as "The Tactical Basics of the Cavalry Regiment" and "The Collection of Red Cavalry". In the early 1930s, the Soviet Red Army carried out a major military reform. Not only was the equipment updated, but the cavalry was no longer a single branch of the army, but a mixed unit including machine guns and artillery. There were also new developments in the organizational system and military theory. Budyoni realized that to do a good job, not only experience, but also a deeper knowledge of military theory was required. Therefore, he asked to study at the Frunze Military Academy, and was supported by Stalin. He worked and studied at the same time. He was tireless and extremely diligent. He got up every day at 7:00, studied at the academy from 8:00 to 14:00, ate lunch from 14:00 to 15:00, and then worked until 0:00. After dinner, he studied until 3:00 in the morning. In 1932, he graduated from the Frunze Military Academy. During the Great Patriotic War, Hitler launched the war of aggression against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. As a member of the Soviet Supreme Command, Bujonny participated in the combat command and successively served as the commander of the reserve army group of the command department, the commander-in-chief of the southwest direction, the commander-in-chief of the reserve front army and the commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus direction. He participated in the defense of Moscow, Kiev and the Caucasus and other major strategic campaigns. During his tenure as the commander-in-chief of the southwest, due to the hard work of the troops, the progress of the German South Army Group was slow, and "If you want to attack Moscow, you must defeat Buchani" became the slogan of the German army. During the Battle of Kiev, he accurately judged that the German Central Collective Army was about to detour and encircle Kiev. In order to save the army that was about to fall into a heavy siege, he ordered the troops to withdraw regardless of Stalin's order not to take a step back. As a result, he lost Stalin's trust and was dismissed as the commander-in-chief of the southwest. When the disaster finally came, 660,000 of the Red Army in the encirclement of Kiev were trapped in a heavy siege, and the old marshal was in tears. It was really a success and a defeat. Stalin. Since then, he has faded out of the Soviet military. The positions of commander of several fronts in the future are basically of a transitional nature. On the occasion of the German army's arrival in Moscow, he assisted Stalin in organizing the parade on Red Square to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution, and rode high horses to inspect the troops under review. After the war, he also served as the deputy minister of agriculture of the Soviet Union, in charge of horse breeding. Due to his advanced age, he became the director of the Soviet Ministry of Defense in 1954. He also carried out a lot of social work, cared about the growth of young people, and dedicated a lot of time to the education of young people. In 1973, the Soviet marshal died in Moscow at the age of 90. Comment: Marshal with outstanding achievements!