On this day, 195 years ago, on July 28, 1830 (June 9, 1830), the French July Revolution broke out. Oil painting depicting freedom leading the French "July Revolution" On July 25, 1830, Charles X (reigning from 1824 to 1830) issued a royal decree: Amend the publishing law to restrict the freedom of the press; dissolve the newly elected parliament; modify the electoral system. The decree undermined the spirit of the Charter of 1814, and the working people and free bourgeoisie were very angry about it. That afternoon, editors and journalists of the main opposition newspapers met in the editorial office of the Le National to draft a protest. They refused to admit the dissolution of parliament, declaring that the government had lost its legitimacy, but did not deny the royal power. On the 27th, thousands of workers and handicraftsmen took to the streets and clashed with the military and police. At dawn on the 28th, the uprising began. Workers, artisans, university students, and the National Guard built barricades, seized arsenals, and captured the city hall. The moderates of the big bourgeoisie, led by the banker Lafitte, advocated negotiating with the king, but Charles X and Prime Minister Polignac refused to negotiate. On July 29, the insurgents took control of Paris, occupied the Louvre and the Tuileries Palace, and the uprising in the provinces was also successful. The uprising masses and their leaders demanded a declaration of a republic. A municipal council was established at the Paris city hall, headed by Lafitte and the commander-in-chief of the National Guard, Lafayette. Charles X had to withdraw his decree at this time and order the Duke of Montmartre to form a government, but the situation could not be restored. On the 30th, Lafayette called a meeting of 60 members of parliament and decided to appoint Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orleans, as regent. On the 31st, Louis-Philippe, accompanied by Lafayette, appeared on the balcony of the palace with a tricolor flag in hand to accept the title of regent. On August 2, Charles X ceded the throne to his grandson, the Duke of Bordeaux (later the Earl of Chambord). Louis-Philippe refused to recognize it. On August 7, the House of Representatives summoned Louis-Philippe to the throne, establishing the July Dynasty ruled by the financial bourgeoisie. The "July Revolution" was a prelude to the revolutionary wave in Europe in 1830, because the autocratic rule of the Bourbon family at that time was unbearable to the French people who had experienced the French Revolution, so that the legal people rebelled against the rule of the then French King Charles X. The success of this revolution was the first revolutionary movement to succeed in Europe after the Congress of Vienna, which encouraged revolutionary movements across Europe in 1830 and 1831, marking the failure of the conservative forces organized by Austrian Prime Minister Metternich after the Congress of Vienna to contain the rising tide of nationalism and liberalism following the French Revolution.